Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Open Or Closed

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Open or Closed? The Physical Therapy profession has been around for many years. â€Å"The American physical therapy profession emerged during and following the First World War as a result of the need for trained providers of therapeutic exercise – who practiced under the supervision of a physician – for the rehabilitation of injured soldiers.† (Wrynn, 2014) The profession over the past few years has had a huge expansion in need. â€Å"Physical therapists (PTs) provide services that help restore function, improve mobility, relieve pain, and prevent or limit permanent physical disabilities of patients with injuries or disease. (Physical Therapist, 2012) Physical Therapist work with the patient to make sure†¦show more content†¦In the past an injury to the ACL has been considered â€Å"career ending.† The anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament is created to support the knee. The ACL creates a cross in the knee when prepared with the posterior cruciate ligament, PCL. The job of the anterior cruciate ligament is to keep the tibia from moving anteriorly and the femur from rotating. In recent years is has become one of the most rehabilitated ligament is in the body right up there with the bicep tendon. Over the past few years anterior cruciate ligament injuries have increased and are spreading across different age and gender lines. Most of the ACL injuries that we see can be classified as a contact injury. I use a contact injury here to mean that two people or even a person and an object, such as a ball, collide with a massive force and cause the movement of the knee in a way that tears the ligament. An example of this would be when two soccer players collide as they are going for the ball and the force of player one hits player two on the back of the knee causing the tibia to move in that anterior motion further than the limits of the anterior cruciate ligament and causing the tear. The fix for this is through surgery known and an ACL Reconstruction. The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the most common option to repair the ACL after injury. An anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction consists of

Personal Statement On Social Worker - 2061 Words

The focus of this paper will address my personal beliefs, how I manage to make this value important factors in my life, and how these values relate to who I am as a person and the social worker I am going to become. I will also discuss how my personal values may condratict with the core values in social work practice, and the steps I will used to utilize resolution if issues occur. In this world, all humans being have their own beliefs, values and attitudes that we all have urbanized during some path of our lives. People that closer to us such as friends, family, the community we find ourselves and the experiences we have had all add to our sense of who we are and how we view the world. As incoming social worker, I will be working with†¦show more content†¦First year in college my counselor had me do a career survey among my fellow school mate to see what may have interest me. The most common choices were Nursing, Teaching, sociology or becoming a Social Worker. I went on the Internet and researched as much as I could on each career choice. However, at that point of my life I thought that Nursing was the best career choice for me. For the first two years of college, I excelled in taking Nursing classes and even got into the Nursing Program at Holy family university, but something changed at the beginning of my surpmore year and I could not deny not wanting to be a Nursing major any longer. As my classes advanced I realized that the passion I once had for Nursing was not there anymore. I could not see myself being a capable nurse if I did not have a passion for nursing. For this reason I hold determination as one of my most important personal values. I try every step of the way in my life to be determine in everything I do. I believe there is no love grater than family love. I am very fortune to be raised in a beautiful, strong and loving family. I was born and raised in Africa Monrovia ,Liberia to be specific. My family was fortune to be among many others that played and won lottery to relocate to the united states of America. I will have two caring parents that have always

Planning and Control and Pert Beta Distribution †Free Sample

Questions: Explore"Estimating With The Pert Beta Distribution". Answers: Company records show that the time taken to install a piece of equipment at customer facilities as follows: a. What is the expected time for the installation effort? Expected time for installation will be = Slowest time - Fastest time 20- 8 12 The expected time will be 12 hrs. b. What is the standard deviation associated with the installation effort? Standard deviation associated with the installation effort are as follows- = Where (20 8) / n 1 c. What is a practical interpretation for the results reported in 1a and 1b above? 1 a shows the expected hour within which the work is expected to be completed. 1 b stands for the calculation of the standard deviation. Where x is the value of the sample, is the summation and n 1 is the sample value 1. 2. Marsha is in charge of planning a large software development project. She is trying to estimate the cost of the design phase. She works with a group of five experienced designers and asks them to estimate the lowest cost, highest cost, and most typical cost possibilities. After an hour of spirited discussion, the group provides the following estimates: Lowest cost $30,000 Highest cost $50,000 Most likely cost $45,000 a. Using the PERT-Beta formula, what is the expected cost of the design effort? Pert Value (Minimum, Most likely, Maximum) Pert Value ($30000, $45000, $50000) b. What is anticipated standard deviation for the design effort? Anticipated Standard deviation = Most likely cost + highest cost lowest cost = $ 45000 + 50000-30000 = $ 45000 + 20000 = $ 75000 c. What is a practical interpretation for the results reported in 2a and 2b above? It is clear from the above that pert beta formula shows the minimum, most likely and the maximum cost of the design effort. Where standard deviation shows the deviation in the design effort. The standard deviation in the design effort is $ 75000 which is calculated in the above given manner. 3. Build-It-Quick house Construction Company has turned house-building into a science. The standard plan for framing the Excelsior Model house is to execute this effort in 10 working days. Depending on the details of site conditions, the number of carpenters needed to do the job varies slightly from job to job. as shown below: Fewest number of needed carpenters 3 Carpenters Largest number 10 Carpenters Most likely number 5 Carpenters a. Using the PERT-Beta formula, what is the expected number of needed carpenters? Expected no. of carpenters needed = (3 + 4*5 + 10)/6 = 5.5 or 6 no. of carpenters b. What is anticipated standard deviation for the number of needed carpenters? Anticipated standard deviation for no. of needed carpenters = (10 - 3)/6 = 1.17 c. What is a practical interpretation for the results reported in 3a and 3b above? The practical interpretation from the above results is that for the standard plan for framing the Excelsior Model house is to execute this effort in 10 working days, minimum 6 nos. of carpenters are required with a deviation of 1.17 no. of carpenters. 4. What are some dangers you see in relying on this estimating technique? The following are some of the dangers of relying on PERT-BETA estimating techniques: Initial estimations assumptions are not validated and thus not completely reliable and may be prone to errors. Lot of time and energy is required to draw initial assumptions numbers which make it not feasible for the management to adopt. The practical applicability of the technique is quiet debatable and many a times challenged by the scholars. It is believed by the researchers that the actual mean values calculated by this technique are often under estimated and thus may increase the risk to the management instead of reducing the risk. 5. Using your imagination and/or experience, describe another way to estimate task duration, cost, or manpower requirements The possible alternative to the estimation of task duration, cost and manpower requirements apart from PERT-BETA technique is as mentioned below: Standard-Delphi-Method: This technique is a survey technique in which the survey is guided by the monitor group and it comprises of a several rounds of surveys with group of experts. After each survey round, using statistical group judgement mean and medians of the estimates are calculated. This technique is mostly used in cases where the content of the issues are unclear and unknown. Using this technique management is able to give estimations about the study. It is more of a psychological model than of mathematical model for estimations. The use of this technique is more sensible when the management wants to assess long-term issues. 6. Note that good estimates can be made by guessing the values of only three parameters (best case, worst case, most likely case). Why is this a tremendous advantage? Good estimates can be made by guessing the values of only three parameters i.e. Best case, Worst case and most likely case. Guessing only three parameters is of tremendous advantage as it is consistent with the general psychological capability of the persons who thinks and develops any situation as a pessimistic person or optimistic person or average person thereby the people are able to align the technique with the general conditions present in the environment.

Swot Analysis of Icici Bank free essay sample

There can be easy access to the e-mail ids of the customers through wrong people. The confidential information of the customers can be leaked easily through the e-mail ids. 3) Decentralized Management: Each branch manager is given the authority of taking decisions in their respective branches. The decisions made by different managers are diverse and any one wrong decision can laid to heavy losses to the bank. 4) No Proper Facilities To Uneducated customers: ICICI Bank provides all services through electronic computerized machines. This creates problems to the less educated people.But this threat falls in the 4th quadrant so its negligible. The company can avoid this threat. Conclusion. Thus, ICICI has been able to use technology to provide value-added service to its customers during the last few years. For ICICI, technology is an integral part of their business. However, their overall progress could have been smoother but for certain internal and extraneous factors and also a pressure on spreads due to a competitive market (Annual report, 2000 –01). We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis of Icici Bank or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page E-banking has become a necessary survival weapon and is fundamentally changing the banking industry worldwide.To day, the click of the mouse offers customers banking services at a much lower cost and also empowers them with unprecedented freedom in choosing vendors for their financial service needs. No country today has a choice- whether to implement E-banking or not given the global and competitive nature of the economy. ICICI have toupgrade and constantly think of new innovative customized packages and services to remain competitive. The invasion of banking by technology has created an information age and commoditization of banking services.ICICI have come to realize that survival in the new e-economy depends on delivering some or all of their banking services on the Internet while continuing to support their traditional infrastructure. The rise of E-banking is redefining business relationships and the most successful banks will be those that can truly strengthen their relationship with their customers. Without any doubt, the international scope of E-banking provides new growth perspectives and Internet business is a catalyst for new technologies and new business processes.

Ban Flag Burning Ban Everything Essay Research free essay sample

Ban Flag Burning, Ban Everything? Essay, Research Paper Ban Flag Burning, Ban Everything? Citizens # 8217 ; right to flag firing should non be deprived, as there is nil bastard in rule about making so for the intent of showing one # 8217 ; s dissent from authorities Torahs or patterns. This is their cardinal right of making everything they please, every bit long as it does non conflict on the rights of others. The Supreme Court, the umpire of the federal system, has already ruled many times in favour of the action that is protected by the First Amendment # 8211 ; the freedom of address. Congress has besides repeatedly, four times exactly, rejected measures about such affairs. The ultimate ground is because prohibiting citizens to fire the flag is unconstitutional. In the well-known Texas V. Johnson instance, Supreme Court determined that what Gregory Johnson did ( fire a flag ) was expressive behavior, protected by the Constitution, and his actions did non represent contending words. We will write a custom essay sample on Ban Flag Burning Ban Everything Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since non all violative behavior will motivate a public violence or upset the peace, the authorities may non criminalize certain types expressive behavior merely because they may hold such effects. The bulk of Judgess besides made the celebrated quotation mark, if there is a bedrock rule underlying the First Amendment, it is that the authorities may non forbid the look of an thought merely because society finds the thought itself violative or disagreeable. The hateful behaviours of Ku Klux Klan are no uncertainty distasteful and disgusting, but we still digest them. It is because we know downright if Marches and presentations were non allowed, we would neer hold seen the success of the civil rights motions. Americans live in a state whose Constitution guarantees to protect her citizens # 8217 ; rights. As Senator Ted Kennedy said, The words of the first amendment are simple and olympian: Congress shall do no jurisprudence foreshortening freedom of address. The proposed constitutional amendment [ forbiding flag combustion ] would sabotage that cardinal autonomy. The unsafe portion of go throughing such a jurisprudence is that it is non about devastation of physical belongings, but tells people how to believe and move. Because one does non like the thought about firing the national icon, this does non intend he or she can coerce others to halt, as the icon itself represents freedom. Freedom is a rule this state was founded on. If persons are non allowed to protest in a manner merely because it is non preferred to others, it is easy to destruct the rules of America. That is what really undermines the significances of the symbol. No wonder Bush s secretary of province, Colin Powell, a reti red four-star general who opposed the step in 1999 said, I would non amend that great shield of democracy to hammer a few reprobates. The flag will be winging long after they have slunk off. Some oppositions think it is merely disrespectful and provocative to fire the flag. This is likely their strongest and merely statement. Surely, it is disrespectful or even hideous ; it is besides non a suited manner to protest. However, it is non a converting ground to censor an activity that does non conflict on others # 8217 ; rights. All it does is to upset some groups because they find that violative. And cipher has a right to halt persons from non esteeming him or her. The Supreme Court one time stated, # 8220 ; One adult male # 8217 ; s lewdness is another adult male # 8217 ; s lyric. # 8221 ; If Torahs can be passed merely because something hurts person # 8217 ; s feelings, one can barely make anything in this state. For case, the provocative and contemptuous wordss of those popular rappers are truly violative, but this state endures them because this is the ground why we like it. It is pathetic to set person in gaol because he or she burns a piece of fabric ( non to advert that is his or her ain belongings ) . Laws based on emotions are ever unsafe. If the motivation of set uping an anti-flag combustion jurisprudence is to punish the desecraters, there is a high possibility that there may be a jurisprudence prohibiting rupturing the flag someday. Furthermore, even if there is a regulation prohibiting them to perpetrate the desecration, it does non do them go more reverent to the flag. But one thing for certain is that the jurisprudence will efficaciously destroy the spirit of freedom. I wonder how great it will be to hold a jurisprudence that does us nil good but merely brings up more struggles. The really first measure of puting up such a jurisprudence may take to a chain-reaction doing the passing of more and more pathetic Torahs. If there is a jurisprudence prohibiting firing the flag today, there may be a jurisprudence prohibiting rupturing it tomorrow be cause of discourtesy. What one should make is to understand the true significances of the symbol, but non blindly idolise it. A piece of fabric is meaningless. What are of import are its thoughts, which can non be burned or removed. If the symbol is more of import than what it represents, so the flag is blasphemed, is abused. This state does non necessitate the bulk to order what the minorities should make, and neither do the heroes who risked their lives to contend for the national icon. ( I have talked with some veterans about this issue ; and surprisingly plenty, unlike what most people think that they must welcome the flag-burning jurisprudence, the bulk of them, merely like General Powell, do non see it as a good thought. ) It is excessively much a cost to give the spirit of the Red, White and Blue for the interest of physical worship.

Constitionality of Zoning Ordinances essays

Constitionality of Zoning Ordinances essays Testing the Constitutionality of Zoning and Character Ordinances for Nude Dancing The art of dance has been an avenue of free expression in cultures worldwide since human kind first set foot upon the earth, and the culture of the United States is no exception. However, when the clothes come off and the dancing takes on an exotic nature, the constitutional protection of the art form is often called into question. In Santa Barbara, a two-part ordinance involving the location and character of such establishments has brought to the forefront a fierce new first amendment debate. John Meinzer, owner of The Pink Flamingo nude dancing parlor, has brought before this court an objection to this ordinance, claiming that it discriminates against the content of the message he and his dancers are trying to convey. After reviewing the facts, precedent, and all other evidence, I argue that both parts of this ordinance fall under the rights of the city under first amendment review to perform its duty in protecting the welfare of its community. Under this new ordinance, adult entertainment would be permitted, but only in areas zoned for commercial and industrial uses. No adult entertainment businesses could be allowed within 500 feet of any residential area. They could be no closer than 700 feet from any house of worship, school, park or beach, and would have to be at least 1000 feet from each other. In this case, the amount of distances being specified are not the significant concern. Rather, the very existence of a restriction comes into question. In Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. (1986), The Supreme Court ruled in favor of a similar ordinance, which stated that no adult motion picture theatre could be located within 1,000 feet of any residential zone, single or multiple family dwelling, church, park or school. Because the ordinance does not ban the content of adult entertainment, it is properly recognized as a "...

Comparitive Report Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparitive Report - Research Proposal Example As human beings are evolving into a very technologically advanced being, the fields of Engineering are getting more and more specialized. The most popular choice however remains the fields of Electrical and Mechanical engineering. The students who wish to pursue their career in either of these fields however, remain confused as to which fields to choose solely because they do not have the required knowledge to make such an important decision. As a result, many students end up taking the wrong decision and by the time they realize it, it is too late and their future becomes dark. In this report, this question has been discussed at length. A through research has been undertaken to find out just what exactly the two fields require from a person, and crucially, how the two differ in terms of coursework and future career opportunities. This section covers the two fields from three different perspectives. Firstly how these two fields differ and what they focus on will be discussed. Then in terms of education and knowledge required of the field will be discussed. Lastly both fields will be analyzed to find the future career opportunities. As the term suggests, the mechanical engineering program focuses highly in mechanics and motion of objects. It applies the principles of Physics in a very constructive way to bring about new equipment and technology to help make our lives easier. (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) Mechanical Engineering involves the analysis of design, manufacture, and the maintenance of all types of mechanical systems. These can be automobiles, aircraft, and miscellaneous systems, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery. (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) Being such a wide and very broad field, a student is required to study all sorts of courses relating to all types of scientific phenomenon. The general courses that students have to take up are the following: (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) The courses specified above mean that the student will be

Current Issues in Health Care Administration Article

Current Issues in Health Care Administration - Article Example In this regard there are reforms which are currently being instituted aiming to extend the coverage to more than 30 million uninsured U.S. residents through a huge expansion of Medicaid and establish new federal health insurance premium subsidies. In Kansas City, there are primary health care facilities from more than 20 hospitals providing over 5,000 beds covered by 435 congressional districts. The article specifically outlined how the congressional districts categorized businesses in Kansas City who would avail of the health reforms. The distinguishing characteristic is the size of the business depending on the number of employees and wages. The following chart will clearly illustrate the proposed reform: In addition, the districts were subdivided according to the local representatives who govern them. The following table illustrates the number of residents covered, number of businesses eligible for tax credits and exchanges. Whatever controversies or skepticism that this plan might face, it is important to realize that America’s health care system needs to be immediately rehabilitated to better address the needs of the

FGM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FGM - Research Paper Example This study is important because it reveals the reality behind female genital mutilation which is presumed ‘extinct’ by most people yet very much alive in the UK. Statistical evidence from the National Health Service (NHS 2014) reveals that an estimation of at 20,000 number of girls below 15 years are at risk of FGM each year and about 66,000 number of women are facing the consequences of FGM. However it is imperative to acknowledge that most FGM cases in the UK are tied to populations of communities who practice FGM such as those in Birmingham. These could be a group of refugees or immigrants of the first generation. Catfur (2012) reveals that female genital mutilation in the UK was outlawed about 30 years ago and facilities set across hospitals in England to help those who had already been mutilated. Ironically, statistics reveal that the rate of FGM is on the rise yet no one has ever been prosecuted in the court of law. This is a demonstration of law ineffectiveness to help high population that is at risk. The UK government has also failed in informing people about FGM practice more so in learning institutions where most potential victims are found (Catfur 2012). People don’t really talk about FGM as if it does not even exist yet it keeps loosening the social bond between men and ladies in a number of communities within the UK. Perhaps the government is not entirely to blame after all; it is quite difficult for the authorities to tell when someone was mutilated until the time when they are about to give birth complicating law enforcement against the perpetuator. Or probably the mutilati on was done out of the UK soil and furthermore conducting checks on children based on their health records to see whether they are mutilated is in itself child abuse (Catfur 2012). The motives behind practicing FGM are based on cultural, religion, health, and

Instrumentalism Theories

Instrumentalism Theories Introduction. The course which I teach within is to prepare new employees for working within a manufacturing environment within a highly regulated industry. All learners are required to show competence on a range of skills ranging from health and safety through to industry specific manufacturing skills. The qualifications may be in the form of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or in an industry specific internal training event. Learners ages will range from 19 to 55 and they will come from a wide range of employment backgrounds such as retail, construction or other industrial roles. Ideologies and Theories of Learning. As identified by Scrimshaw (1983) cited by Armstrong et al (2003), â€Å"Instrumentalism: a curriculum delivering a specific product such as the development of a skilled workforce.† The instrumental curriculum is focused on practical skills and is teacher led. This is only one of five educational ideologies identified but is the one most comparable with the course that I teach. (Should I list the others) Curriculum Models. The closest match for my course is the ‘Product model for curriculum development which is closely associated with Ralph Tyler (1971) cited by Armitage et al (2003). Neary (2002) describes the product model as a curriculum which has been entirely designed around the meeting of clear objectives. My course has clear aims and expected outcomes to which methods of learning and assessment are clearly mapped. The evaluation methods are designed to identify any shortfall and for corrections to be made to enable learners to meet the objectives that have been set. As the expected outcomes are clear from the outset it allows for clear design of content and also ensures an accurate and fair assessment process. However as the course structure is rigid it limits creativity both for lesson design but also for learner activities. However as with most models applied to an actual teaching environment there is an element of overlap with one or more of the models identified by Smith (1996, 2000) www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm . Although the ‘Product model is the main influence on my course the ‘Process model must still be a consideration as it is designed around how individuals learn and focuses on teacher and learner activities. By acknowledging the ‘Process model it allows an emphasis to be placed on the learners current and prior experiences. The context of the course will impact substantially on curriculum design, delivery, assessment and evaluation, my own teaching philosophy and profession values will have an effect on the course delivery. As my course is influenced by an instrumentalist ideology and using the ‘Product model for the design the links with behaviourism can clearly be seen; however as previously mentioned this is an over simplification as I do consider the other learning theories and do take a cognitive approach. Critical reflection. As previously recognised there are elements of the ‘Process model within my programmes curriculum; however I feel that it relates most closely to the ‘Product model as the objectives are clearly defined from the outset. To analyse the effectiveness of this model I shall answer the questions set by Tyler (1971) as cited in Armitage et al (2003:201), â€Å"which, he claims, must be answered when developing any curriculum†. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme. 4. How can this programme be evaluated. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? The aim of my programme curriculum is to deliver the necessary learning to satisfy our external regulators and to meet the skills and capabilities required by AWE plc. To meet the requirements of our external regulators we must demonstrate competence in the following element. * General safety. * Mandatory safety * Role specific. 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 2.1 General Safety. This element is delivered by theory based classroom sessions that will include practical tasks where appropriate. 2.2. Mandatory Safety. Delivered as a series of theory lessons and practical tasks within a simulated work environment. 2.3. Role specific. Training delivered in the work area by subject matter experts. 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme.

Proper Etiquette and Interview Skills Essay -- Etiquette Interviews Ma

Proper Etiquette and Interview Skills Business Etiquette Business etiquette is made up of significantly more important things than knowing which fork to use at lunch with a client. People may feel that if you can't be trusted not to embarrass yourself in business and social situations, you may lack the self-control necessary to be good at what you do. Etiquette is about presenting yourself with the kind of polish that shows you can be taken seriously. Etiquette is also about being comfortable around people (and making them comfortable around you!) Being a good conversationalist To be a successful conversationalist, you must also believe that listening is power. Because our society places so much emphasis on speaking as the way to win friends and influence people, good listeners can quietly have a powerful and subversive impact. You should also remember that speakers have little power without listeners. Speakers share their wisdom and try to persuade, but listeners make meaning of what is heard -- they make the ultimate decision to act on what they hear. When it comes to talking during an interview, sometimes less is more. As a general rule, you should speak one-third of the time and definitely no more than half of the time. That's because the best interviews have a give-and-take atmosphere where you're discussing who the company is looking for, why you're the right candidate and how having you on board will solve the firm's challenges. To do this, you need to ask questions and try to draw out your interviewer rather than talking about yourself nonstop. Phone Etiquette Employers use telephone interviews as a way of identifying and recruiting candidates for employment. Phone interviews are often used to screen candidates in order to narrow the pool of applicants who will be invited for in-person interviews. They are also used as way to minimize the expenses involved in interviewing out-of-town candidates. While you're actively job searching, it's important to be prepared for a phone interview on a moments notice. You never know when a recruiter or a networking contact might call and ask if you have a few minutes to talk. Good phone ability is a requirement of almost every job at all levels. This is a chance to demonstrate your phone communications skills. Face-to-face communication consists of three elements: words, tone of voice and bo... ...gh your training program each year? †¢ How does your company's tuition reimbursement program work? †¢ What new product lines/services have been announced recently? †¢ What is the average age of top management? †¢ Will you describe ______________ to me? (The personality of a ranking officer often reveals a lot about the company philosophy). †¢ Could you tell me about public transportation to your company? †¢ How many people are you interviewing for this position? †¢ What are the things you like least/most about working here? †¢ If I am extended an offer of employment, how soon after this would you like me to start? †¢ When can I expect to hear from you? As the interview closes, be sure to express interest in the position and briefly summarize why you are qualified. Then ask what the next step will be or when you can expect to hear from the interviewer. This inquiry demonstrates your confidence and interest and gives you important information. Finally, ask for a business card so you can send a thank you letter within 24 hours. If no card is available, make sure you learn the correct spelling of the interviewer's first and last name.

Jim Hawkins: A Young Pirate Essay

Stories about pirates are some of the interesting and clever stories to tell such as the Treasure Island. It is a classic story about a young pirate, written by Robert Louis Stevenson and published in 1883. It tells about the young boy, Jim Hawkins, who turned into a pirate with his crew searching for the treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island†). Robert Louis Stevenson was a famous Scottish author of travel and adventure books, but he also wrote fiction stories, essays and poems (â€Å"Robert Louis Stevenson†). He pursued engineering first followed by law; however his interest was never in either of those. He was fond of reading and travelled many places before he became a famous writer (â€Å"Treasure Island: About the Author†). The story about Treasure Island is narrated by Jim Hawkins. He tells the story based from his observations, feelings, perceptions, and on how he responds to the people and events around him. He became easily involved in the pirate game and treasure hunting since his family owned the Admiral Benbow inn. There stayed Billy Bones, the captain who has the map of the treasure that Captain Flint buried. Captain Flint is already dead however the men who worked for him are still alive and searching for his buried treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). The first pirate that Jim met is Billy Bones who stayed at their inn. Bones is a ragged, scarred, and drunkard pirate who always sing a pirate song; but he was kind with Jim. He always asks Jim to look out for any seafaring men along the shore which Jim thought that the man only wants some company. However, it turned out that the man is eager to avoid the other seafaring men especially the ‘seafaring man with one leg’ (â€Å"Treasure Island†). One day, another pirate named Black Dog, a companion of Billy Bones, came to Jim and asked for the whereabouts of Billy Bones. Both pirates wrestle until Bones is greatly injured. However, a blind pirate named Pew came with horsemen to Bones and delivered the ‘black spot’. After Bones died, Jim snatched a key and an oilskin packet from Bones. He and his mother left immediately and went to the next village. The village people, however, are not willing to help them and the two hide under the bridge. The men continuously searched for the â€Å"Flint’s fist† but they could not find it. They escaped leaving Pew behind while the horses of the revenue officers from the village trampled him to death (Nelson). Jim and his mother stayed with Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney where the squire analyzed the packet that Jim got from Billy Bones. The squire said that it is the account book of the ‘black-hearted hound’. After studying the rest of the oilskin packet, they found a map of Captain John Flint’s Treasure Island. Trelawney became eager to find the treasure and planned the rest of the voyage including the finances. He secured on of the best ships in England, the Hispaniola, and hired several men including a one-legged ‘seafaring man’ named Long John Silver and a group of sailors. Jim unexpectedly became part of the instant adventure (Nelson). Long John Silver was very much liked by Jim and the squire because of his performance as the ship’s cook. At the beginning of their journey, he is friendly and helpful to the rest of the crew however he is as notorious as Captain Flint who is concerned only about the money he can get (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). Jim, while hiding in an apple barrel, accidentally overhears Silver, Israel Hand, and Dick talking about their plan of overtaking the ship once they get the treasure. After getting on land, Captain Smollet together with his men fought with Silver and the pirates. Jim and his group escaped together with Ben Gunn, one of the original members of Captain Flint’s crew who was abandoned in the Treasure Island three years ago. Jim together with his group is lead to Gunn’s secret cave where he relocated Captain Flint’s treasure. In spite of Silver’s plan, Jim, Trelawney, Dr. Livesey, Gunn and the rest of the group are able to retrieve the treasure and haul it to Hispaniola and return to England (â€Å"Treasure Island†). Treasure Island is an exciting book inspired by adventures of notorious pirates. During the early 1700s, thousands of pirates wander along different seas in the world who plundered ships and private vessels for coins and precious metals that were likely hidden in small islands. This perhaps is one of the sources of Stevenson’s pirate stories. However, most of the pirates began in their early twenties until they age fifty or so, some crippled, blind, or dead. Young pirates were also common, but there were no enough records to prove that teenagers became fierce pirates. Young pirates like Jim Hawkins is like a dream come true for kids who always dream of sailing and travelling and someday finding a treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island†). In the early 18th century, there was a story about a young boy who joined a group of buccaneers. The story was based from the records of Captain â€Å"Black Sam† Bellamy. In 1716, Captain Bellamy’s ship Marianne attacked Bonetta, a ship travelling from Antigua to Jamaica. Some of Bonetta’s crew joined the pirates. John King, a kid travelling with his mother, also wanted to join the group of buccaneers so bad that he even threatened to kill himself after the captain did not allow him. It was not clear why John wanted to become a pirate, but there were speculations that maybe he was with a harsh parent or he does not want to go wherever they are going. Later, a kind a charismatic Captain Bellamy allowed John King to join the band (Krystek). In connection with the story of John King, a treasure hunter named Barry Clifford searched for the remains of Captain Bellamy’s boat – Whydah that sunk along Cape Cod. He found a cannon, artifacts, and silver coins. The artifacts they found included a human leg bone, a stocking, and a shoe belonging to a tiny adult, as he said. However in 2006, after the bone was examined in The Center for Historical Archeology in Florida, they found out that the bone belonged to a child aged between eight and eleven years old. The tale of a John King, a little boy who turned into a young pirate indeed was true (Krystek). In the early chapter of Treasure Island, the story was established through the first person narrative of Jim Hawkins. Money is introduced as the major driving force of the characters’ actions. Through Jim’s narration of events, greed and corruption are even more highlighted. As the number of pirates looking for the map increases, it pushes Jim into learning more about the treasure and acquiring the map. The first six chapters slowly unravel Jim’s transformation. He is now not controlled by Billy Jones and the other pirates and he chooses to stand with his mother and save her. He is beginning to take part into the action happening and acted like a hero (Nelson). In the middle chapters, more terrible things happened which challenged how Jim would respond. Jim has witnessed several deaths including Billy Bones’ and Tom’s. However, his response to the death of Tom’s death is different from Billy Bones’. He cried at Bone’s but not to Tom’s death where he just sat in silence. Upon arriving at the island after all the terrible things that he witnessed, Jim found a friend and a father figure whom he has gained trust (Nelson). At the later chapter, Jim is able to develop both physical and moral strength after their triumph against the pirates. Jim is able to survive and gain enough guts to face Silver and his crew and help his crew. He has matured and does not act like a child in the middle of the events. Jim is a child and adult in deciding and justifying the things he did. He is now acting not just to save himself but also the rest of his crew after he stole and find a boat. He became the story’s hero but not because of luck and fortune. Also, Jim does not forget how to be adventurous and try things despite failure. He never gives up although he is now engaging to wrong choices, these are justifiable by the arbitrary death that could happen anytime (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). Throughout the story, Jim Hawkins character changed from a simple observer of the events around him into a character who became actively involved and became a certified pirate. Even though he is just a kid, he is able to help in uncovering the mutiny plan of Long John Silver and retrieve the treasure. He became a competent boy physically and beat Israel Hands. He has grown morally mature after choosing not to run away from Long John silver despite Dr. Livesey urging him to. Jim is a smart boy with courage and good heart. Anyone reading the book could easily identity himself with Jim. Stevenson created it in such a way the reader could put his own imaginations in place of Jim. Jim Hawkins is an open, predictable character who narrates the story by telling what he sees and observed, but is close in telling his own feelings and thoughts about the other characters (Nelson). The transformation in Jim’s character was evident when he delivered a speech to the pirates. He is able to survive and save himself against the fierce pirates by offering deals that an adult would usually do. His courage has developed from their journey, a courage that he does not have back to the inn. An interesting encounter between Jim and Long John Silver once proved Jim’s ability to stand up and fought for himself even though it is Silver, a notorious pirate, he is talking to (Nelson). Jim Hawkins justifies the thoughts and imagination of a teenager and later the beginning stage of maturity developed from the combination of different adversities. The story of Jim Hawkins and the Treasure Island is not as exciting as it is when summarized because there is no other of telling his story in such an engaging way except reading all the chapters. Works Cited Krystek, Lee. â€Å"The Littlest Pirate†. 2006. 5 May 2008. . Nelson, Britanny. â€Å"Gradesaver: Treasure Island – Study Guide – Character List†. 2008. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Robert Louis Stevenson†. 2008. Jalic Inc. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island†. Bibliomania. com Ltd. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island†. 2008. Wiley Publishing. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island: About the Author†. 2008. Wiley Publishing. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†. 2008. Novelguide. 5 May 2008. .

Natural Law Theory Example

Natural Law Theory Example Natural Law Theory – Coursework Example Natural Law Theory Natural Law Theory Natural law is a body of unwritten body of universal principles that underlie the legal and ethical norms by which people evaluate and govern human conducts. These set of laws are significantly different from the positive laws that consist of written rules and regulations endorsed by the government. The general acceptance of the doctrine of natural law among the Germans has led to the disobedience of orders to execute civilians. As Ohlendorf affirms during his trial, it is indeed inconceivable that a lesser leader should not carry out commands given by the leaders of the state. In reality, the point of his reasoning is right. However, the human beings are moral creatures. If the natural laws exist to govern the ethical nature and behavior of man, then individuals must not follow instructions blindly to appease their leaders. The current scenario of legislation in Germany is mature and individuals seem to feel the impact of the subjection to the s et of natural laws. The defiance of the unscrupulous orders from the leaders of the state should not be the termed as disobedience. Rather, the citizens have come to mature up with time and the natural laws and principles individual tend to recognize and apply them in their life. In this context, Ohlendorf’s rationale, if evaluated under the contemporary moral and ethical conditions, would be considered as an act that ignores the principles of natural law. Therefore, the general acceptance the doctrine of natural law among Germans have led to disobedience in orders to execute civilians when ethical and moral principles are at stake. Reference Law2.umkc.edu, (2015). Ohlentestimony. Retrieved 8 May 2015, from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/Ohlentestimony.html

Motives for Murder in Edgar Allan Poes The Black Cat

Motives for Murder in Edgar Allan Poes The Black Cat The Black Cat  shares many characteristics with Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart: an unreliable narrator, a brutal and inexplicable murder (two, actually), and a murderer whose arrogance leads to his downfall. Both stories were originally published in 1843, and both have been widely adapted for theater, radio, television, and film. For us, neither story satisfactorily explains the murderers motives. Yet, unlike The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat makes extensive attempts to do so, which makes it a thought-provoking (if somewhat unfocused) story. Alcoholism One explanation that comes up early in the story is alcoholism. The narrator refers to the Fiend Intemperance and talks about how drinking changed his formerly gentle demeanor. And its true that during many of the violent events of the story, hes drunk or drinking. However, we  cant help but notice that even though he isnt drunk as hes telling the story, he still shows no remorse. That is, his attitude on the night before his execution isnt very different from his attitude during the other events of the story. Drunk or sober, hes not a likable guy. The Devil Another explanation the story offers is something along the lines of the devil made me do it. The story contains references to the superstition that black cats are really witches, and the first black cat is inauspiciously named Pluto, the same name as the Greek god of the underworld. The narrator deflects blame for his actions by calling the second cat the hideous beast whose craft had seduced me into murder. But even if we grant that this second cat, who appears mysteriously and on whose chest a gallows seems to form, is somehow bewitched, it still doesnt provide a motive for the murder of the first cat. Perverseness A third possible motive has to do with what the narrator calls the spirit of PERVERSENESS- the desire to do something wrong precisely because you know its wrong. The narrator posits that its human nature to experience this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself- to offer violence to its own nature- to do wrong for the wrongs sake only. If you agree with him that humans are drawn to break the law just because its the law, then perhaps the explanation of perverseness will satisfy you. But were  not convinced, so we continue to find it unfathomable not that humans are drawn to do wrong for wrongs sake (because were not sure they are), but that this particular character is drawn to it (because he certainly seems to be).    Resistance to Affection It seems to me that the narrator offers a smorgasbord of possible motives partly because he has no idea what his motives are. And we  think the reason he has no idea of his motives is that hes looking in the wrong place. Hes obsessed with cats, but really, this is a story about the murder of a human. The narrators wife is undeveloped and virtually invisible in this story. We know that she loves animals, just as the narrator supposedly does. We know that he offer[s] her personal violence and that she is subject to his ungovernable outbursts. He refers to her as his uncomplaining wife, and in fact, she doesnt even make a sound when he murders her! Through it all, she is unfailingly loyal to him, much like the cats. And he cant stand it. Just as he is disgusted and annoyed by the second black cats loyalty, we  think he is repulsed by his wifes steadfastness. He wants to believe that that level of affection is possible only from animals: There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes directly to the heart of him who has frequent occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere Man. But he himself is not up to the challenge of loving another human being, and when faced with her loyalty, he recoils. Only when both cat and wife are gone does the narrator sleep well, embracing his status as a freeman and looking upon [his] future felicity as secured. He wants to escape from police detection, of course, but also from having to experience any real emotions, regardless of the tenderness, he brags he once possessed.

Philosophy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy paper - Essay Example Rousseau is of the view that general will is the sum of differences of specific individual interests. It is in the best interest of everyone e.g. personal interests are often benefited at the expense of other people’s collective interests. Therefore if this individuality is cancelled out entirely then all citizens within a society can enjoy freedom. By subjugating our desires for the betterment of nation, voluntarily embracing the society’s administration as our own, freedom can be achieved which will make us more rational and moral (Rousseau 26). Under the social contract, Rousseau is in favour of alienated totality of all rights within the society. By exchanging innate freedom with civil independence we are able to maintain equality between all members of society. When the community rights surpass individual rights a sovereign state comes into being. â€Å"Finally, each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody: and as there is no associate over which he does not acquire the same right as he yields others over himself, he gains an equivalent for everything he loses, and an increase of force for the preservation of what he has† (Rousseau 24). In his book, the social contract Rousseau envisages sovereign as a collective effort of all citizens. Through continued collaboration they form the state principles and general will for common good. According to him the government and sovereign are in constant friction that may result in a diminishing society but healthy nations never give up and last for ages to come e.g. the Roman realm. Everyone is free to practise their own beliefs in privacy but a public religion established by the state is preferred that favors active citizenship. In his ideology citizens are not forced but motivated to affirm to the community for their own mutual interest. His main aim is to seek how freedom can develop in a civil society in

Pottery Statues of Ancient Chinese Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pottery Statues of Ancient Chinese Art - Essay Example There are various arts like painted potteries, folk arts, script, monuments, metal arts etc. Very expensive materials are used for the art works like granite, marble, lime stone, etc and even gold, silver and other precious materials are used. In early times they were not much aware about the materials used for arts and they used stone and rock for doing arts. These antique collections of ancient period are now placed in the museums. â€Å"The museum houses collections of various color-painted potteries of Neolithic Age and treasures of ancient grottoes. The design of these potteries is gorgeous and has the characteristic of the local culture.† (Gansu Provincial Museum). In museums there are varieties of wonderful art works which were done in the past. The Chinese culture hasn’t altered much from before and the people are still continuing with their traditional customs. The temples in China are considered as precious art wealth which signifies the prosperous culture of China. Chinese people have some beliefs with regard to their traditional arts. There are varieties of statues which symbolize different significances and faiths. Laughing Buddha is one among them which symbolizes health, prosperity, happiness, and so on and they believe that it brings all these goodness if it is placed somewhere and there are also other different kinds of laughing Buddha and each one has got some particular concept. The arts like Swastika, fengshui are some of the other Chinese artifacts which are used for good luck and to improve the life. Chinese people believe in such things; so most of them use these types of artifacts. The people from other countries prefer to use the Chinese arts mainly because of their quality and beauty. The ancient Chinese art is very gorgeous and superior which is totally different from other art works; so it has high demand. Not only the Chinese people buy this; people from every nation are now buying

A 2,500 3,000 word individual report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A 2,500 3,000 word individual report - Essay Example Finally, we look into how we can implement Performance Management to improve the company to better achieving its long term goals. The purpose of this section is to define Performance Appraisal and Performance Management, as well as to distinguish between the two. Both Performance Appraisal and Performance Management lead to increase in organisational productivity (Thomson 2003). Performance Appraisal is one of the tools used for implementing Performance Management. Performance Appraisal is the process of setting job standards, measuring and evaluating employee performance, and giving relevant feedback to the employees (Thomson 2003). Performance appraisals are an important part of performance management, particularly in the Feedback Stage of Performance Management (Farrington 2007). Currently, our company is relying on Performance Appraisal in order to improve employee performance. However, Performance Appraisal is not enough to maximize and maintain good employee performance for the following reasons. Performance Appraisal, when used alone, is demotivating, it takes a lot of time to implement and get results back, it creates a legal liability, and it flies in the face of team rewards and accountability (Brull 1997). Furthermore, Cook discusses that the focus of Performance Appraisal is too much on the individual, instead of developing the employee. Appraisal is inconsistent and only useful in the extremes of performance (1993). In itself, it is therefore not enough to maximize organisational productivity. This section defines Performance Management, its two foci which are development and reward driven, and details the process of performance management. This section then explains how and why Performance Management improves organisational productivity. Performance Management is the process used by managers to enable the employees to perform effectively and efficiently

America & Germany Essay Example for Free

America Germany Essay America never wanted to participate in World War 1, in fact in August 1914 when the war broke out in Europe; President Woodrow Wilson issued a declaration of neutrality. Preferring to remain isolated from the war, America tried to broker peace between the allies and the axis, the war was in Europe; America did not need to get involved. On May 7th 1915, German U-boats, patrolling in the Atlantic Ocean, fired torpedos at the British passenger ship Lusitania sinking her in 20 minutes. 128 Americans were killed. Woodrow Wilson, demanded that Germany stop attacking passenger ships, and declared that America was too proud to fight. Wilson also tried to mediate a compromise settlement but failed. He also repeatedly warned that America would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, as it was in violation to American ideas of human rights. Wilson was under great pressure from former president Theodore Roosevelt, who denounced German piracy and Wilsons cowardice. In January 1917, Germany announced it would destroy all ships heading to Britain. Although Wilson broke off diplomatic ties with Germany, he still hoped to avert war by arming merchant vessels as a deterrent. Nevertheless, Germany began sinking American ships immediately. On February 1917, British intelligence gave the United States government a decoded telegram from Germanys foreign minister, Arthur Zimmerman that had been intercepted en route to his ambassador to Mexico. The Zimmerman Telegram authorized the ambassador to offer Mexico the portions of the Southwest it had lost to the United States in the 1840s if it joined the Central Powers. However, because Wilson had run for re-election in 1916 on a very popular promise to keep the United States out of the European war, he had to handle the telegram very carefully. Wilson did not publicize it at first, only releasing the message to the press in March after weeks of German attacks on American ships had turned public sentiment toward joining the Allies. Later, on 2 April 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war and four days later all but six senators and fifty representatives voted for a war resolution. The Selective Service Act that was passed the following month, along with an extraordinary number of volunteers, built up the army from less than 250,000 to four million over the course of the conflict. General John Pershing was appointed head of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and led the first troops to France Then, on April 6th 1917, America declared war on Germany.

Women and Advertising Essay -- Advertisements Ads Stereotypes essays p

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the year 1999, $120 billion was spent on marketing products to consumers (Killing Us Softly 3). Along with products, the advertising industry sells the intangible: â€Å"Ads sell a great deal more than products. They sell values, images, and concepts of success of worth, love and sexuality, popularity, and normalcy. They tell us who we are and who we should be. Sometimes they sell addictions† (Kilbourne, Beauty and the Beast). When the average person is bombarded by 2,000-3,000 ads a day (Kilbourne, address), it is impossible to remain unaffected by the aforementioned concepts and stereotypes (Still Killing Us Softly, video). Ads use insecurities to promise betterment with the purchase of a certain product. They are breeding grounds for stereotypes; most, if not all, are negative. They provide impossible body images for women to strive towards, and sadly, many women do. The repercussions of these images and stereotypes are quite serious. The female body image is distorted, and many women and girls, in effort to reach the distorted image, develop serious eating disorders. The perpetuation of sex in ads creates a casual attitude towards sex. Sex is used to sell almost anything: from lingerie to makeup, perfume to food and household items. Advertising tells viewers that if they aren’t sexy, they are not acceptable. The female body is repeatedly objectified in advertising, and whenever a human is turned into a thing, violence is going to follow. Rapes and beatings often result from the dehumanization of women (Still Killing Us Softly, video). Advertising creates unhealthy and even dangerous stereotypes and mindsets in the people of today’s society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertisements play upon people’s insecurities, promising the viewer that, with the help of the product in question, the viewer can become a better person. There are many insecurities taken advantage of, but the most obvious and frequent is beauty. Women are strongly affected by this. After all, how could they not be when media is promoting a body type thinner, taller, and sexier than their own? Less than 10% of the female population is genetically able to be as thin and tall as the women used in the ads (about-face.org). Advertising sells an impossible image for most women. Many times there is an indirect message such as a beautiful woman wearing the makeup the ad is selling, but sometimes it’s more blatan... ...ols to combat media’s flippant use of sex in ads, and media literacy classes to teach young people, girls especially, how to see through the techniques of the advertising industry. Friedrich, Abby. â€Å"All of Your Insecurities Wrapped Up In a Thirty Second Spot.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Giedrys, Sally Anne. â€Å"Creating a Curriculum To Help Girls Battle Eating Disorders.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harvard University Gazette. Harvard University. 11 February 1999.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kilbourne, Jean. Address. Viterbo Presentation. April 22, 1996. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Beauty†¦and the Beast of Advertising.† Media & Values Winter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1990. Center for Media Literacy. Issue 49. 3 March 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  . â€Å"Killing Us Softly 3†. Video. Cambridge Documentary Films. 2000. â€Å"Still Killing Us Softly: Advertising’s Image of Women.† Video. Cambridge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Documentary Films. 2000. Thomas, Jennifer. â€Å"Websites Promote Anorexia and Bulimia as a ‘Lifestyle’.† HealthScoutNews. Udovitch, Mim. â€Å"A Secret Society of the Starving.† New York Times Magazine. 8 September 2002. Zarchikoff, Rebecca. â€Å"Sexual Images of Women to Sell Products- ‘Fascism’ and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Bodyism’†. University of Victoria.

History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay -- Immigration

Eleanor Roosevelt said, â€Å"the future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.† That statement holds strong for immigrants in America. Equal access to opportunities allows immigrants to achieve the American dream. Their success correlates with America’s success because of the contributions immigrants provide to America. Unfortunately, the current immigration policy in America denies many immigrants the American dream. It is crucial to understand the historical context of immigration in America. Initially, most immigrants were from Europe and were not restricted by any immigration laws. Now, most immigrants come from Latin America but are restricted to severe immigration laws. The Latino/a community is one of the most severely affected groups because the current immigration system disproportionally affects Latino/as. Recognizing how the experience of Latino/a immigrants have been both similar and different in the past from other immigrant groups and dispelling common misconceptions about Latino/as today bring an awareness how Latino/as are affected. Latino/a immigrants share similar experiences of anti-immigrant rhetoric just like other immigrant groups. Many Latino/as in America have faced negative comments based on their identity. For example, Rush Limbaugh, a radio host, expounds negative comments toward Latino/as, particularly Mexicans. He claimed that Mexicans are â€Å"a renegade, potential[ly] criminal element† that is â€Å"unwilling to work† (Media Matters for America, 2/28/06). These malice comments were similar to that of other immigrants. As other immigrant groups of non-English descent started arriving in America, there was an immigrant phobia towards the newcomers. During the mid-1700s, Benjamin Franklin said ... ...ves of immigrant groups such as the Indians, Chinese, and Germans have proved that prior policies have been based on anti-immigrant rhetoric at that time. Therefore, reforming the immigration policies today should not be based on racism, or nativism. In addition, it is important to dispel the misconceptions of the Latino/a immigrations today because it is a mistake to formulate polices based on preconceptions of racialized groups. Works Cited Aoki, Andrew, and Okiyoshi Takeda. Asian American Politics. Polity Pr, 2009. Print. Fernandez, Lilia. "Introduction to U.S. Latino/Latina History." History 324. The Ohio State University. Jennings Hall 0040, Columbus, OH, USA. Address. Media Matters for America n. pag. Web. . "World War II by the Numbers." National World War II Museum n. pag. Web. .

Productivity Improvement Techniques

These twelve productivity improvement techniques are explained as follows:- 1. Value Engineering (VE) : Value Engineering (VE) is the process of improving the value of a product at every stage of the product life cycle. At the development stage, VE improves the value of a product by reducing the cost without reducing quality. At the maturity stage, VE reduces the cost by replacing the costly components (parts) by cheaper components. VE also tries to improve the value and quality of the product. Value is the satisfaction which the consumer gets by using the product.VE tries to give maximum value for a lowest price. 2. Quality Circles (QC) : The concept of Quality Circles (QC) was introduced in 1960 in Japan. QC is a small group of employees who meet regularly to identify, analyse, and solve problems in their department. The QC members advise the management to implement new methods to solve work-related problems. QC increases the productivity. 3. Financial and Non-Financial Incentives : The organisation must motivate the employees by providing financial and non-financial incentives.The financial incentives include better wages and salaries, bonus, etc. The non-financial incentives include better working conditions, welfare facilities, worker's participation in management, etc. 4. Operations Research (OR) : Operations Research (OR) uses mathematical and scientific methods to solve management problems, including problems of productivity. QR technique uses a scientific method to study the alternative courses of actions and to select the best alternative. OR uses techniques such as linear programming, game theory, etc. to make the right decision. Thus, QR helps to improve productivity. 5. Training : Training is a process of increasing the knowledge and skills of the employees. Training is a must, for new employees and experienced employees. Training increases the efficiency of the employee. Thus, training results in high productivity. 6. Job Enlargement : Job Enlarge ment is a horizontal expansion of a job. It is done to make jobs more interesting and satisfying. It involves increasing the variety of duties. For e. g. typist may be given the job of accounts writing in addition to the typing work. This technique is used for lower level jobs. 7. Job Enrichment : Job Enrichment is a vertical expansion of a job. It makes routine jobs more meaningful and satisfying. It involves providing more challenging tasks, and responsibilities. For e. g. a manager who prepares performance reports is asked to make plans for his department. Job Enrichment technique is used for higher-level jobs. 8. Inventory Control : There must be a proper level of inventory.Overstocking and under stocking of inventories must be avoided. Overstocking of inventories will result in blocking of funds and there are chances of spoilage or misuse of materials. Under stocking of inventories will result in shortages. This will block the smooth flow of production, and so the delivery sche dules will be affected. 9. Materials' management : Materials' management deals with optimum utilisation of materials in the manufacturing process. It involves scientific purchasing, systematic store keeping, proper inventory control, etc.The main objective of materials' management is to purchase the right quantity and quality materials, at the right prices, at the right time, to maintain favourable relations with suppliers, to reduce the cost of production, etc. 10. Quality Control : The main objective of quality control is to produce good quality goods at reasonable prices, to reduce wastages, to locate causes of quality deviation and to correct such deviations, to make the employees quality conscious, etc. 11. Job Evaluation : Job Evaluation is a process of fixing the value of each job in the organisation.It is done to fix the wage rate for each job. A proper job evaluation increases the moral of the employees. This increases the productivity. 12. Human factor engineering : Human factor engineering refers to the man-machine relationship. It is designed to match the technology to a human requirement. The term Ergonomics has originated from the Greek word ‘ergos' meaning ‘Work' and ‘nomikos' meaning ‘Law'. So, it means ‘Law of Work'. It tells us how to fit a job to a man's psychological and physiological characteristics to increase human efficiency and well-being.

Vikings Essays - Vikings, Norwegian Empire, Norsemen, Greenland

Vikings Essays - Vikings, Norwegian Empire, Norsemen, Greenland Vikings Some of the very first people to explore North America would have to be the Vikings. The Vikings were an adventurous lot, sailing the oceans in there ornately crafted longships. They frequently invaded many neighboring countries and islands. The actions of the Vikings shaped and changed many countries of the Europe. They invaded almost every western country of their time. England, Ireland, France, Spain, Russia, Greece, Arabia, And Africa all felt the impact of these marauders. The Vikings had a very important part of awakening Europe from the despair of the Middle Ages, because the challenged its people to rise and fight for what they believed in. The Vikings held honor for themselves and for their nation. A fallen warrior that fell bravely in defeat would look forward to the promised immortality of their pagan heaven called Valhalla. The Vikings inhabited the Scandinavian countries of Europe, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark are very close the Arctic Circle. Norway and Sweden extend into the Arctic Circle, far from the advancements of civilization and Christianity. The Scandinavian countries are surrounded by long coastlines, bays, sounds, and vast rivers that extend far inland. The Norsemen used the richness of the sea to their advantage. They either fished the oceans or used it as trade routes for transporting valuables or agriculture products. The Vikings would had very few large cities and would occasionally spar over a disputed territory but most chose to live in southern Norway on the Jutland Peninsula of Denmark or in southeastern Sweden. The time period in which these men lives was between A.D. 800 to 1100, a long time they ruled the seas. The word Vikings means seaborne marauder, it possibly comes from the Scandinavian word vic meaning bay or inlet. The word now applies to sailors that would lurk along the coast attacking passing victims. It could also come from the Norse word vig meaning battle. The Norse lived as they did for almost a ten thousands years before they were known as the Vikings. The Vikings led strict rough lives, the climate was harsh the winters long and cold. The were skilled in many crafts. They built ornate ships decorated with intricate designs. Gold and silver was made into beautiful jewelry, inlaid with stones and gems obtained from trade with other countries. They were the most skilled weaponsmiths of their time, shields, axes, spears, and swords were all forged by master smiths. The weapons were then inlaid with gold, silver, and precious stones. Their weapons were often etched in runic inscriptions, of the bearers name or some message to ward of evil. They Vikings were fierce fighters, the best of their time. A tactic used by the Vikings seems simple but effective, many kings and chieftains had standards that were carried at the head of their army or patrol. One standard that was almost always carried was one that depicted a raven in flight. When the Vikings fought toward their goal, the raven would "fly" only if they moved fast enough to keep a s teady wind, if the troops stopped and hesitated then the raven would fall, signaling defeat to the Vikings. There was one sect of the Viking army that was separated from the rest, these were called Berserkers. They were rightly feared and held in awe by their enemies. The Berserkers, would fight with such ferocity that they would rip of their shirts and chain mail and fight with their bare hands ignoring all pain. Even with these insane fighters the Vikings were the best trained soldiers of their time, surpassing by far the English and French. The Vikings were the first to establish colonies in the New World, Eric the Red founded Greenland long before any English or Spanish explorer did. Leif Ericson discovered America as a new land before anyone else. His father was the local magistrate of Greenland when one of his subjects related to him this new land Lief at once went in search of this land. Lief made his voyage across the sea and saw many different lands. They found a land rich in the wood they treasure and soon began foresting it and building even bigger ships, soon searchers for gold and silver turned great

Losing our Forest essays

Losing our Forest essays The tropical forests are the biomass more productive of the planet and of greater diversity. The amount of precipitations and the temperature cause that their only limited factor is the light. They extend by Central America and of the South, central Africa, Malaysian and Indonesia mainly. The Amazonian occupies 7% of the planet and locks up 50% of the world-wide biodiversity. In The Amazonian inhabit 70% of the terrestrial and vegetal animal species of the planet. The tropical forests are a lung for the planet, Amazonian, for example, in its gas interchange with the atmosphere it releases more of 50% of I oxygenate necessary for the life of the species animals, accumulate carbon through the photosynthesis, necessary thing for the carbon dioxide balance with the atmosphere. Along with the oceans regulate the climate of the planet. They regulate the hydrologic cycle. They generate ground and they protect it of phenomena like the erosion. The biodiversity that lives in them is incredible, calculates that by each 10Km2 of surface are 760 species of trees, 125 classes of mammals, 400 types of birds, 100 of reptiles and 60 of amphibians, among others. We can find prey birds that nest in the tops of the trees, below them monkeys, parrots, toucans and butterflies; at level of the ground we can find antelopes, wild boars, lizards, serpents, toads, frogs, felines. In addition we can find great amount of insects like grasshopper, ants, termites and others of great size. Altogether we can find more than 30,000 species of plants and they are discovered new every day, some of these still have unknown medicinal benefits, in the Brazilian Amazonian are a third of the trees of the planet, also exist great amount of frogs, 30 species of prawns, other 30 of crabs, 1500 freshwater fish species, but one thinks that it can arrive at 3000, two species of dolphins of river as well as crocodiles, giant turtles, otters. One calculates that it contai...

Healthy Meals You Can Eat On The Go

Healthy Meals You Can Eat On The Go When your days are packed with classes, assignments, workouts, and social life, sometimes the only time to eat is on the go. However, as youre always in a rush, controlling what you consume can be challenging. Being surrounded by sweets, salty snacks and all types of junk food makes it even harder. To choose healthy options and think about what you should eat and what you shouldnt is really difficult. To help you, we went on a mission to find healthy snacks you can eat on the go. Say hello to the following meals They will fill you up and bring a lot of energy! Breads and Rolls It is unbelievably easy to make healthy rolls and breads. There are a lot of recipes in the Internet and you can use different ingredients you have in the fridge. They can be filled with vegetables, cheese, chicken, bacon, in fact, anything you like. Just look how easy it is to make a healthy roll: take a tortilla, put cheese directly on the top of it, add several slices of tomato, and put some spinach. Of course, you can add whatever you like: mushrooms, avocado, eggs, sausages, etc. Then roll up your snack and enjoy it when you feel hungry. Yoghurt and a Fruit Another perfect snack option on the go is yoghurt and a fruit. You can make yoghurt yourself or buy at a shop if you have no spare time to prepare it. It is a great source of vitamins and minerals, and its creamy texture makes it feel more like a dessert than a healthy snack. Take a fruit with you as well. You can choose any you like: apple, banana, grape, pear, they all are portable and easy to eat when you are in a rush. String Cheese It is well known that cheese contains a lot of calcium. Thats why it is recommended to be consumed regularly. String cheese is a popular option not only for kids lunchboxes, but for students as well. It is a reliable source of all essential nutrients. Take a pack of string cheese with you to college and eat when you feel hungry. Your body will thank you for such healthy snack. Protein and Granola Bars Looking for convenient delicious food on the go? There is a wide selection of bars available today that provide protein and other important vitamins for you to feel full and satisfied at the same time. Granola bars are small, portable and napkin-free eats that can be a helping hand in any â€Å"hungry† situation. Grab a bar and go to college! Mixed Nuts Nuts like almonds, peanuts and cashews are extremely tasty and healthy at the same time. They will add a lot of protein and unsaturated fats to your diet. Mixed nuts are just a perfect snack option. Just think, they are convenient to eat and wont take much place in your bag. Thats why when packing your things in the morning, dont forget to take some nuts with you. Dark Chocolate If you want to eat some sweats, better consume dark chocolate. But choose one with at least 60 percent cocoa content. Dark chocolate is known to be one of the best sources of antioxidants on the planet. It is packed with beneficial minerals, it is good for skin, helps to lose weight and improves mood. As you see, dark chocolate is just a perfect snack option for every college student! All of these are healthy snacks that will help you establish good eating habits. Next time when buying food make sure to take healthy options such as seeds, nuts, dried fruit, multi-grain crackers, rice cakes and vegetables. Take them with you to college to ensure you make smart food options, giving you the opportunity to improve your health one bite at a time!

Comparisson of Film and aa Case of Racism Research Paper

Comparisson of Film and aa Case of Racism - Research Paper Example First, the plot of the film is discussed, which is necessary to develop a basic understanding of the backdrop of time and place of the story. This is followed by a discussion on the historical context of the film. Next, an analysis section has been incorporated to assess the effects of the film. Finally, the thesis concludes by justifying the opinion that the historical context of â€Å"The Color Purple† is related to settler racism. The Plot The film â€Å"The Color Purple† has been directed by Steven Spielberg. It is a film under the category of period drama. It is based on the famous novel having the same name written by Alice Walker. The background of the film is set in Georgia (Southern United States). The events of the story take place from 1880s to mid 1930s. The story is mainly centered on a black woman, Celie, who faces incest by her father in her own family. In an environment of isolation and poverty, she is deprived of education and does not know about her le gal rights. She constantly receives rude behavior and is beaten by her father. The same story continues even after she gets married to a widower, named Albert. For a short time, her sister Nettie comes to live with her and her husband. Nettie and Celie spend some good time together, but Nettie had to leave because of Albert’s sexual interest in her. Following several ups and downs, other black women like Shug and Sofia are also introduced in Celie’s life. These women give Celie confidence and help her to face the tortures of her husband. However, Celie develops homosexual relationships with Shug. Sofia, on the other hand, was victimized by circumstances and exploitation. She is beaten up, jailed, and tortured. The story advances through many other events, which exhibit the socio-economic situation of black people together with the plight of Celie. However, the film ends at the reunion of Celie and Nettie, and their children. Albert also changes from a harsh, abusive ma n to a kind and understanding person at the end of the film. Historical Context Prior to the Civil War of America, the black population in the country was subjected to direct slavery and they lived in sub-human conditions. In the middle of nineteenth century, Abraham Lincoln changed the situation significantly. However, political and constitutional changes took time to become socially effective in real sense and this was discernable in the 1880s too. The timeline covered in the film starts at this crucial point. Discrimination towards the black people, economic deprivation, and continued frustration might explain the intolerant and cruel attitude of the black males towards the women in the community at this stage. Socio-economic discrimination and deprivation might adversely affect the socio-sexual behavior of the black males, leading to incest, rape, and sexism. The fight for civil liberties had not begun at that time, and nobody like Martin Luther King had appeared in the scene. T he domestic violence faced by Celie, a black woman, is actually an internal manifestation of the settler racism faced by the black community itself. Notably, when black women faced torture and incest, their white neighbors did not come to rescue them. They did not arrange for economic parity and education †¦ neither for the black men nor the black women. The treatment

DEVELOPING AND MANAGING PERFORMANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

DEVELOPING AND MANAGING PERFORMANCE - Essay Example Building performance is not a day affair in business management; it is rather a value creation that should run throughout the existence of a business organization. This value creation must be evidenced in the way a manager handles performance in the workforce. Hence, the staff must be recognized and encouraged if a manager really wishes them to do their best in the workforce. Staff encouragement must be an ongoing process of overseeing performance throughout the year (‘Performance management’ 2012). Organizations should map out policies and strategies that will lead to the improvement of performance. The issue of performance in the workplace is multi-faceted because there are a lot of sub-issues in it. This includes issues of reward, compensation, giving out responsibility to the employees, creating conducive environment for learning and career advancement etc. In this paper, we will look at how overall performance in a workplace can be easily managed for good productivi ty. 1. How 2 key elements of the reward and development practices used either explicitly or implicitly in the case study organization could contribute to the overall performance of the organization – a critical evaluation. The case-study organization, Pentangelli’s, has two major elements in the creation of the performance policy in the organization, namely reward and development. ... The aspect of reward that could be given a considerable attention by Pentangelli’s is mainly internal since there is no visible sign of lack in external reward which is mainly monetary compensation (Ingram 2012). Because of this, the management of Pentangelli’s could have looked into the internal reward system which would have not only boosted the morale of the staff but also contributed intrinsically in the development and success of Pentangelli’s. Giving someone recognition and acknowledgement for a work done has the psychological power of increasing the effort of a person. Praise naturally will make a worker strive for perfection which can lead him to an overall effective performance (‘What is total reward’ 2006). Recognition can come in various forms. It can be in the form of recognizing the importance and talents of the workers by constantly engaging them in the day to day running of the business. Allowing the managers to take decisions independ ently is a motivation that is even better than monetary compensation (Schalkwijk 2013), and this is where Lucas, the second manager of Pentangelli’s, failed. His mistake was that he appointed one person, Jean, to run the 6 outlets of Pentangelli’s without giving consideration to time. As a human being, Jean was not to be expected to run the 6 business outlets, especially considering his approach towards the issues of management. As reported in the case study, he always insisted on detailed explanation of how the managers he appointed should look after the outlets. This certainly was counterproductive because time did not permit him to achieve this. This could be a reason why he suffered an accident

Nursing- breast cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Nursing- breast cancer - Essay Example Table 1 represent estimated breast cancer cases and deaths worldwide (see appendix). About three fourths of all women with cancer cases will be diagnosed invasive breast cancer (Stages I-IV). The chance of developing invasive breast cancer during a womans lifetime is approximately 1 in 7 (13.4%). Another one fourth will be diagnosed with in situ breast cancer, a very early form of the disease. Though much less common, breast cancer also occurs in men /National Breast Cancer Centre, 2005/. The incidence rate of breast cancer (number of new breast cancers per 100,000 women) increased by approximately 4% during the 1980s but levelled off a bit in the 1990s /National Breast Cancer Centre, 2005/.The death rates from breast cancer also declined significantly between 1992 and 1996, with the largest decreases among younger women. Medical experts impute the decline in breast cancer deaths to earlier detection and more efficient treatments. Let’s investigate and sum up the causes of breast cancer. Although, there are a number of researches devoted to the causes of this severe disease and the ways of reducing its chances, it’s obvious that we still can’t prevent it. However, these researches worked out the list of factors that affect our health and may cause the development of the breast cancer. All these factors belong either to â€Å"external† or â€Å"internal† environments /Breast Health, 2006/. â€Å"Internal environment† includes a number of things inside our bodies that influence our health, for example, genetics, hormones, illnesses, and feelings and thoughts. â€Å"External environment† relates to the things of the outer world that influence people’s health, such as air, water, food, danger, noise, people, and stress. Some of the above mentioned factors, such as genetic makeup and the medicines taken, have a very direct effect on the breast health. The impact of other, indirect factors, such as

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 Essay

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 - Essay Example The company holds a business portfolio of military weapons and systems within mode of travelling including land, air and sea (QinetiQ, 2015b). In 2003, LTPA was made with the agreement of providing all means weapons and system to MOD for next five years. In 2006 company repurchased its stakes from the Carlyle group and get IPO status. Value development flow for the business till becoming an IPO entity is depicted below. Currently company is dealing globally for its business and mainly generates revenue from UK and US via generating a strong existence in US market as well. QinetiQ is considered for the assessment of performance and risk management due to its declining performance over last three years and a highly exposed to risk business model in the underlying document. After developing basic grounds of study via reviewing the business and market trends as well as financial performance indicators, an assessment of risk and performance management skills of the company will be presented with proposed recommendations. Understanding the sensitivity-level of the business category, the company operates with the strategy namely â€Å"Organic-plus† strategy with considering customers, people, innovation and productivity as core drivers (QinetiQ, 2014). Reported financial trends of key indicators in the annual report for the year 2014 (QinetiQ , 2014) depict a continuous decline in revenue generation for the company with fluctuations in other drivers as well. However, company claims to be strongly operating and increasing dividends continuously as depicted above. Dealing with two main divisions, company categorizes its revenue generation in three categories namely EMEA, US and global product. EMEA is the leading business and revenue generation unit with UK as the largest geographical and customer country of the business as depicted below. According to the Aerospace and defense industries

ENGLISH LITERATURE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ENGLISH LITERATURE - Essay Example It is also apparent that this journey is never easy on her, yet one that she makes with all the care and love that she has in her. Phoenix Jackson thus emerges from the story as a fully developed human being despite the short space of time in which she is introduced. At the same time, her walk through the countryside and into the towns symbolizes many aspects of American history as it progressed from the dark aspects of slavery to a more understanding yet still imperfect society of equal rights. Through eloquent imagery and careful progression, Welty is able to present Pheonix Jackson in loving detail as a fully fledged human being as well as a strong representation of American history to the point at which she is found making her trek. The normal path of life can be traced through the various types of fields Phoenix takes in her journey to town. Her path starts in the evergreen forest full of springy needles and bright sun. These evergreen trees represent the springiness and immaturity of youth. Just as the wood of the pine tree is softer and easy to damage, the young Phoenix was malleable and easily moved to new actions. In youth, she was still full of bright hopes and dreams that were often â€Å"almost too bright to look at† (142). Phoenix herself seems to realize this analogy as she crests a hill. â€Å"’Up through the pines,’ she said at length. ‘Now down through oaks.’† (143) as she aged into something harder and less able to bend. This aging process is symbolized by the additional trials Phoenix must undertake, the prickly thorns of the brambles and the chains of gravity, before she is able to internalize the strength of the oak that is imprinted upon her forehead, à ¢â‚¬Å"Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 Essay

Global operation and risk management of Qinetiq Group plc 01303 - Essay Example The company holds a business portfolio of military weapons and systems within mode of travelling including land, air and sea (QinetiQ, 2015b). In 2003, LTPA was made with the agreement of providing all means weapons and system to MOD for next five years. In 2006 company repurchased its stakes from the Carlyle group and get IPO status. Value development flow for the business till becoming an IPO entity is depicted below. Currently company is dealing globally for its business and mainly generates revenue from UK and US via generating a strong existence in US market as well. QinetiQ is considered for the assessment of performance and risk management due to its declining performance over last three years and a highly exposed to risk business model in the underlying document. After developing basic grounds of study via reviewing the business and market trends as well as financial performance indicators, an assessment of risk and performance management skills of the company will be presented with proposed recommendations. Understanding the sensitivity-level of the business category, the company operates with the strategy namely â€Å"Organic-plus† strategy with considering customers, people, innovation and productivity as core drivers (QinetiQ, 2014). Reported financial trends of key indicators in the annual report for the year 2014 (QinetiQ , 2014) depict a continuous decline in revenue generation for the company with fluctuations in other drivers as well. However, company claims to be strongly operating and increasing dividends continuously as depicted above. Dealing with two main divisions, company categorizes its revenue generation in three categories namely EMEA, US and global product. EMEA is the leading business and revenue generation unit with UK as the largest geographical and customer country of the business as depicted below. According to the Aerospace and defense industries

To what extent is the novel of adultery a critique of society Essay

To what extent is the novel of adultery a critique of society - Essay Example In order for there to be a ‘novel of adultery’, adultery itself must exist. In other words, the society in which the narrative is played out must regard sexual infidelity to a life-partner as a crime or sin. The very word ‘adultery’ is pejorative, deeply condemnatory, and would have been even more so to Russian readers in the late nineteenth century. Unlike French society, which compensated those in arranged marriages by tolerating the keeping of mistresses, the Russian aristocracy demanded that any sexual activity outside marriage must be strictly discreet – and if the offender was a woman, the stakes were very high indeed. An errant husband might conceivably enhance his reputation through dalliances with the right ladies, but if a woman’s indiscretions were made public, she was liable to lose everything. Adultery therefore cannot exist outside its social setting. It owes its very existence to society. Consequently, any novel with adultery as its main theme must inevitably examine the social framework in which this adultery takes place. To this extent then, the ‘novel of adultery’ is certainly a novel about society’s values, rules, taboos and punishments. Those values, however, are not always set in stone, and are certainly not always fair. As Christo N Koutroulis1 points out in an essay examining the meaning of the novel’s epigraph, ‘while Oblonsky and Princess Tverskaya were having extramarital affairs, Princess Tverskaya had no problems with judging and shunning Anna.’ Adultery, the author seems to suggest, is a dangerous game with complex rules and endless possibilities for personal ruin, but it is possible for certain individuals to play it to their own advantage. As we see, Anna is not one of those fortunate few. Although society’s values are extremely important in Anna Karenina, the novel is far more intricate than the simple record of a woman who broke the rules and

Arturo Escobar Essay Example for Free

Arturo Escobar Essay Lectua â€Å"na ecologia de la diferencia: igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado† Dia 14 Mes 08 Ano 12 Docente Claudia Patricia Rodriguez CALIFICACION UNA ECOLOGIA DE LA DIFERENCIA: IGUALDAD Y CONFLICTO EN UN MUNDO GLOCALIZADO Arturo Escobar, es un antropologo colombiano, nacido en Manizales, interesado en la ecologia politica, el desarrollo y movimientos sociales en Colombia. Especificamente, Escobar se cuestiono los problemas de hambre y pobreza de grandes sectores de la poblacion colombiana, Pero sus intereses se dirigieron cada vez mas hacia el area de las ciencias sociales y la antropologia del desarrollo, de ahi que viajo a continuar estudios de postgrado en la Cornell University y en la Universidad de California, Berkeley, donde hizo su doctorado en 1987. Entre sus especialidades figuran la ecologia politica y la antropologia del desarrollo, los movimientos sociales y las nuevas tecnologias. (Penuela, M, 2005, http://www. javeriana. edu. co/Facultades/C_Sociales/universitas/62/penuela. pdf) Adicionalmente ha sido profesor de muchas universidades en Colombia y especialmente Estados Unidos. Este autor refleja en una de sus obras y ensayos uno de los mas importantes y cuestionados temas a nivel mundial: la igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado. Se habla de la diferencia que existe entre los individuos que hoy hacen parte de la globalizacion, esta diferencia es pocas veces dirigida hacia una igualdad para todos, ya que la relacion que existe entre la globalizacion, la cultura de un lugar especifico y el desarrollo benefician mas unos que a otros. He aqui el gran conflicto, es cada vez mas comun ver como la globalizacion, es decir, un mundo global, que busca una homogeneidad se impone. Se da entonces un acceso a excluir a unos y dominar otros, ya que aquellos que dominan son los que tienen el acceso a las oportunidades y los recursos como lo referencia el autor. Se excluye entonces lo local, para pasar a ser lo global lo mas importante y lo que se impone; es el capitalismo, los medios masivos y las mercancias lo que brinda las mejores oportunidades, ya no se habla de biodiversidad sino por el contrario de la biotecnologia que se vuelve un recurso aun mas importante que la propia diversidad ya existente. Aun mas alla de las nuevas tendencias, existe un tema que referencia el autor como uno de los grandes conflictos y es la adaptacion de la diversidad cultural a conductas globales. â€Å"El mundo no es solo global continua siendo local† (Escobar, 2005), es necesario entonces pensar que existen condiciones de pluralismo cultural, diferentes percepciones acerca del mundo en general. Las principales condiciones que niegan la igualdad entre individuos son la parte economica, cultural y ambiental. Los grandes economistas hablan del valor que tienen cada uno de los recursos, los precios y derechos de propiedad son los que valen dentro del sector economico, sin embargo, las comunidades definen las practicas que determinan la valoracion de los recursos especificamente naturales de manera distinta a la valoracion economica; mas que un precio o valor monetario, el entorno natural y sus recursos tienen un valor intrinseco, no se puede calcular este valor ya que cada cultura percibe los recursos naturales de una manera distinta. Por otro lado, la relacion de las personas con el mundo natural, le da al entorno un valor para cada territorio, no todos quieren compartir de igual manera la diversidad natural de un lugar porque las comunidades le estan dando su verdadero significado. Fundamentalmente lo ambiental y cultural se reune de algun modo para diferenciar y darle pluralismo al mundo que hoy se une a la globalizacion, pero se elude aun la sostenibilidad cultural y ambiental. Es en gran medida esta falta de sostenibilidad un conflicto, que se traduce en la distribucion cultural, las diferencias culturales propagan desigualdad ya que algunos imponen la dominacion y se convierten en propietarios de lo que es de una comunidad en su conjunto. Se quiere cada dia, dar paso a la hegemonia entre culturas pero sigue marcando diferencias los comportamientos, sus derechos colectivos y tradiciones. El Estado tambien juega un papel muy importante, este lucha por conservar su practica cultural y defender lo que es de un territorio. En el caso colombiano se da un ejemplo de las culturas negras riberenas en la selva del Pacifico las cuales desde 1990 se unieron para defender un territorio, su biodiversidad y lo que era suyo, se defienden entonces modelos locales que perduran en la cultura colombiana aun y los cuales se mantienen en movimientos sociales. Aun cuando lo global trata de imponerse, la diversidad cultural, la economia y el medio ambiente son niveles diferenciadores para la globalizacion. Finalmente, si es necesaria le equidad de la distribucion economica, estrechar la diferencia de dominacion entre comunidades para permitir el desarrollo e intercambio equitativo. Aun cuando las culturas sean diferentes, se pueden entremezclar para establecer una igualdad. BIBLIOGRAFIA Escobar, A. (2005), â€Å"Una ecologia de la diferencia: igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado† [Documento digital PDF]. Arturo Escobar, En: WEB, 2005, [en linea] disponible en: http://www. javeriana. edu. co/Facultades/C_Sociales/universitas/62/penuela. pdf. [consulta: agosto 12 de 2012].