Ban Flag Burning Ban Everything Essay Research free essay sample

Ban Flag Burning, Ban Everything? Essay, Research Paper Ban Flag Burning, Ban Everything? Citizens # 8217 ; right to flag firing should non be deprived, as there is nil bastard in rule about making so for the intent of showing one # 8217 ; s dissent from authorities Torahs or patterns. This is their cardinal right of making everything they please, every bit long as it does non conflict on the rights of others. The Supreme Court, the umpire of the federal system, has already ruled many times in favour of the action that is protected by the First Amendment # 8211 ; the freedom of address. Congress has besides repeatedly, four times exactly, rejected measures about such affairs. The ultimate ground is because prohibiting citizens to fire the flag is unconstitutional. In the well-known Texas V. Johnson instance, Supreme Court determined that what Gregory Johnson did ( fire a flag ) was expressive behavior, protected by the Constitution, and his actions did non represent contending words. We will write a custom essay sample on Ban Flag Burning Ban Everything Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since non all violative behavior will motivate a public violence or upset the peace, the authorities may non criminalize certain types expressive behavior merely because they may hold such effects. The bulk of Judgess besides made the celebrated quotation mark, if there is a bedrock rule underlying the First Amendment, it is that the authorities may non forbid the look of an thought merely because society finds the thought itself violative or disagreeable. The hateful behaviours of Ku Klux Klan are no uncertainty distasteful and disgusting, but we still digest them. It is because we know downright if Marches and presentations were non allowed, we would neer hold seen the success of the civil rights motions. Americans live in a state whose Constitution guarantees to protect her citizens # 8217 ; rights. As Senator Ted Kennedy said, The words of the first amendment are simple and olympian: Congress shall do no jurisprudence foreshortening freedom of address. The proposed constitutional amendment [ forbiding flag combustion ] would sabotage that cardinal autonomy. The unsafe portion of go throughing such a jurisprudence is that it is non about devastation of physical belongings, but tells people how to believe and move. Because one does non like the thought about firing the national icon, this does non intend he or she can coerce others to halt, as the icon itself represents freedom. Freedom is a rule this state was founded on. If persons are non allowed to protest in a manner merely because it is non preferred to others, it is easy to destruct the rules of America. That is what really undermines the significances of the symbol. No wonder Bush s secretary of province, Colin Powell, a reti red four-star general who opposed the step in 1999 said, I would non amend that great shield of democracy to hammer a few reprobates. The flag will be winging long after they have slunk off. Some oppositions think it is merely disrespectful and provocative to fire the flag. This is likely their strongest and merely statement. Surely, it is disrespectful or even hideous ; it is besides non a suited manner to protest. However, it is non a converting ground to censor an activity that does non conflict on others # 8217 ; rights. All it does is to upset some groups because they find that violative. And cipher has a right to halt persons from non esteeming him or her. The Supreme Court one time stated, # 8220 ; One adult male # 8217 ; s lewdness is another adult male # 8217 ; s lyric. # 8221 ; If Torahs can be passed merely because something hurts person # 8217 ; s feelings, one can barely make anything in this state. For case, the provocative and contemptuous wordss of those popular rappers are truly violative, but this state endures them because this is the ground why we like it. It is pathetic to set person in gaol because he or she burns a piece of fabric ( non to advert that is his or her ain belongings ) . Laws based on emotions are ever unsafe. If the motivation of set uping an anti-flag combustion jurisprudence is to punish the desecraters, there is a high possibility that there may be a jurisprudence prohibiting rupturing the flag someday. Furthermore, even if there is a regulation prohibiting them to perpetrate the desecration, it does non do them go more reverent to the flag. But one thing for certain is that the jurisprudence will efficaciously destroy the spirit of freedom. I wonder how great it will be to hold a jurisprudence that does us nil good but merely brings up more struggles. The really first measure of puting up such a jurisprudence may take to a chain-reaction doing the passing of more and more pathetic Torahs. If there is a jurisprudence prohibiting firing the flag today, there may be a jurisprudence prohibiting rupturing it tomorrow be cause of discourtesy. What one should make is to understand the true significances of the symbol, but non blindly idolise it. A piece of fabric is meaningless. What are of import are its thoughts, which can non be burned or removed. If the symbol is more of import than what it represents, so the flag is blasphemed, is abused. This state does non necessitate the bulk to order what the minorities should make, and neither do the heroes who risked their lives to contend for the national icon. ( I have talked with some veterans about this issue ; and surprisingly plenty, unlike what most people think that they must welcome the flag-burning jurisprudence, the bulk of them, merely like General Powell, do non see it as a good thought. ) It is excessively much a cost to give the spirit of the Red, White and Blue for the interest of physical worship.

Constitionality of Zoning Ordinances essays

Constitionality of Zoning Ordinances essays Testing the Constitutionality of Zoning and Character Ordinances for Nude Dancing The art of dance has been an avenue of free expression in cultures worldwide since human kind first set foot upon the earth, and the culture of the United States is no exception. However, when the clothes come off and the dancing takes on an exotic nature, the constitutional protection of the art form is often called into question. In Santa Barbara, a two-part ordinance involving the location and character of such establishments has brought to the forefront a fierce new first amendment debate. John Meinzer, owner of The Pink Flamingo nude dancing parlor, has brought before this court an objection to this ordinance, claiming that it discriminates against the content of the message he and his dancers are trying to convey. After reviewing the facts, precedent, and all other evidence, I argue that both parts of this ordinance fall under the rights of the city under first amendment review to perform its duty in protecting the welfare of its community. Under this new ordinance, adult entertainment would be permitted, but only in areas zoned for commercial and industrial uses. No adult entertainment businesses could be allowed within 500 feet of any residential area. They could be no closer than 700 feet from any house of worship, school, park or beach, and would have to be at least 1000 feet from each other. In this case, the amount of distances being specified are not the significant concern. Rather, the very existence of a restriction comes into question. In Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc. (1986), The Supreme Court ruled in favor of a similar ordinance, which stated that no adult motion picture theatre could be located within 1,000 feet of any residential zone, single or multiple family dwelling, church, park or school. Because the ordinance does not ban the content of adult entertainment, it is properly recognized as a "...

Comparitive Report Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparitive Report - Research Proposal Example As human beings are evolving into a very technologically advanced being, the fields of Engineering are getting more and more specialized. The most popular choice however remains the fields of Electrical and Mechanical engineering. The students who wish to pursue their career in either of these fields however, remain confused as to which fields to choose solely because they do not have the required knowledge to make such an important decision. As a result, many students end up taking the wrong decision and by the time they realize it, it is too late and their future becomes dark. In this report, this question has been discussed at length. A through research has been undertaken to find out just what exactly the two fields require from a person, and crucially, how the two differ in terms of coursework and future career opportunities. This section covers the two fields from three different perspectives. Firstly how these two fields differ and what they focus on will be discussed. Then in terms of education and knowledge required of the field will be discussed. Lastly both fields will be analyzed to find the future career opportunities. As the term suggests, the mechanical engineering program focuses highly in mechanics and motion of objects. It applies the principles of Physics in a very constructive way to bring about new equipment and technology to help make our lives easier. (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) Mechanical Engineering involves the analysis of design, manufacture, and the maintenance of all types of mechanical systems. These can be automobiles, aircraft, and miscellaneous systems, manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery. (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) Being such a wide and very broad field, a student is required to study all sorts of courses relating to all types of scientific phenomenon. The general courses that students have to take up are the following: (Johnson & Sherwi, 1996) The courses specified above mean that the student will be

Current Issues in Health Care Administration Article

Current Issues in Health Care Administration - Article Example In this regard there are reforms which are currently being instituted aiming to extend the coverage to more than 30 million uninsured U.S. residents through a huge expansion of Medicaid and establish new federal health insurance premium subsidies. In Kansas City, there are primary health care facilities from more than 20 hospitals providing over 5,000 beds covered by 435 congressional districts. The article specifically outlined how the congressional districts categorized businesses in Kansas City who would avail of the health reforms. The distinguishing characteristic is the size of the business depending on the number of employees and wages. The following chart will clearly illustrate the proposed reform: In addition, the districts were subdivided according to the local representatives who govern them. The following table illustrates the number of residents covered, number of businesses eligible for tax credits and exchanges. Whatever controversies or skepticism that this plan might face, it is important to realize that America’s health care system needs to be immediately rehabilitated to better address the needs of the

FGM Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FGM - Research Paper Example This study is important because it reveals the reality behind female genital mutilation which is presumed ‘extinct’ by most people yet very much alive in the UK. Statistical evidence from the National Health Service (NHS 2014) reveals that an estimation of at 20,000 number of girls below 15 years are at risk of FGM each year and about 66,000 number of women are facing the consequences of FGM. However it is imperative to acknowledge that most FGM cases in the UK are tied to populations of communities who practice FGM such as those in Birmingham. These could be a group of refugees or immigrants of the first generation. Catfur (2012) reveals that female genital mutilation in the UK was outlawed about 30 years ago and facilities set across hospitals in England to help those who had already been mutilated. Ironically, statistics reveal that the rate of FGM is on the rise yet no one has ever been prosecuted in the court of law. This is a demonstration of law ineffectiveness to help high population that is at risk. The UK government has also failed in informing people about FGM practice more so in learning institutions where most potential victims are found (Catfur 2012). People don’t really talk about FGM as if it does not even exist yet it keeps loosening the social bond between men and ladies in a number of communities within the UK. Perhaps the government is not entirely to blame after all; it is quite difficult for the authorities to tell when someone was mutilated until the time when they are about to give birth complicating law enforcement against the perpetuator. Or probably the mutilati on was done out of the UK soil and furthermore conducting checks on children based on their health records to see whether they are mutilated is in itself child abuse (Catfur 2012). The motives behind practicing FGM are based on cultural, religion, health, and

Instrumentalism Theories

Instrumentalism Theories Introduction. The course which I teach within is to prepare new employees for working within a manufacturing environment within a highly regulated industry. All learners are required to show competence on a range of skills ranging from health and safety through to industry specific manufacturing skills. The qualifications may be in the form of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or in an industry specific internal training event. Learners ages will range from 19 to 55 and they will come from a wide range of employment backgrounds such as retail, construction or other industrial roles. Ideologies and Theories of Learning. As identified by Scrimshaw (1983) cited by Armstrong et al (2003), â€Å"Instrumentalism: a curriculum delivering a specific product such as the development of a skilled workforce.† The instrumental curriculum is focused on practical skills and is teacher led. This is only one of five educational ideologies identified but is the one most comparable with the course that I teach. (Should I list the others) Curriculum Models. The closest match for my course is the ‘Product model for curriculum development which is closely associated with Ralph Tyler (1971) cited by Armitage et al (2003). Neary (2002) describes the product model as a curriculum which has been entirely designed around the meeting of clear objectives. My course has clear aims and expected outcomes to which methods of learning and assessment are clearly mapped. The evaluation methods are designed to identify any shortfall and for corrections to be made to enable learners to meet the objectives that have been set. As the expected outcomes are clear from the outset it allows for clear design of content and also ensures an accurate and fair assessment process. However as the course structure is rigid it limits creativity both for lesson design but also for learner activities. However as with most models applied to an actual teaching environment there is an element of overlap with one or more of the models identified by Smith (1996, 2000) www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm . Although the ‘Product model is the main influence on my course the ‘Process model must still be a consideration as it is designed around how individuals learn and focuses on teacher and learner activities. By acknowledging the ‘Process model it allows an emphasis to be placed on the learners current and prior experiences. The context of the course will impact substantially on curriculum design, delivery, assessment and evaluation, my own teaching philosophy and profession values will have an effect on the course delivery. As my course is influenced by an instrumentalist ideology and using the ‘Product model for the design the links with behaviourism can clearly be seen; however as previously mentioned this is an over simplification as I do consider the other learning theories and do take a cognitive approach. Critical reflection. As previously recognised there are elements of the ‘Process model within my programmes curriculum; however I feel that it relates most closely to the ‘Product model as the objectives are clearly defined from the outset. To analyse the effectiveness of this model I shall answer the questions set by Tyler (1971) as cited in Armitage et al (2003:201), â€Å"which, he claims, must be answered when developing any curriculum†. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme. 4. How can this programme be evaluated. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? The aim of my programme curriculum is to deliver the necessary learning to satisfy our external regulators and to meet the skills and capabilities required by AWE plc. To meet the requirements of our external regulators we must demonstrate competence in the following element. * General safety. * Mandatory safety * Role specific. 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 2.1 General Safety. This element is delivered by theory based classroom sessions that will include practical tasks where appropriate. 2.2. Mandatory Safety. Delivered as a series of theory lessons and practical tasks within a simulated work environment. 2.3. Role specific. Training delivered in the work area by subject matter experts. 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme.

Proper Etiquette and Interview Skills Essay -- Etiquette Interviews Ma

Proper Etiquette and Interview Skills Business Etiquette Business etiquette is made up of significantly more important things than knowing which fork to use at lunch with a client. People may feel that if you can't be trusted not to embarrass yourself in business and social situations, you may lack the self-control necessary to be good at what you do. Etiquette is about presenting yourself with the kind of polish that shows you can be taken seriously. Etiquette is also about being comfortable around people (and making them comfortable around you!) Being a good conversationalist To be a successful conversationalist, you must also believe that listening is power. Because our society places so much emphasis on speaking as the way to win friends and influence people, good listeners can quietly have a powerful and subversive impact. You should also remember that speakers have little power without listeners. Speakers share their wisdom and try to persuade, but listeners make meaning of what is heard -- they make the ultimate decision to act on what they hear. When it comes to talking during an interview, sometimes less is more. As a general rule, you should speak one-third of the time and definitely no more than half of the time. That's because the best interviews have a give-and-take atmosphere where you're discussing who the company is looking for, why you're the right candidate and how having you on board will solve the firm's challenges. To do this, you need to ask questions and try to draw out your interviewer rather than talking about yourself nonstop. Phone Etiquette Employers use telephone interviews as a way of identifying and recruiting candidates for employment. Phone interviews are often used to screen candidates in order to narrow the pool of applicants who will be invited for in-person interviews. They are also used as way to minimize the expenses involved in interviewing out-of-town candidates. While you're actively job searching, it's important to be prepared for a phone interview on a moments notice. You never know when a recruiter or a networking contact might call and ask if you have a few minutes to talk. Good phone ability is a requirement of almost every job at all levels. This is a chance to demonstrate your phone communications skills. Face-to-face communication consists of three elements: words, tone of voice and bo... ...gh your training program each year? †¢ How does your company's tuition reimbursement program work? †¢ What new product lines/services have been announced recently? †¢ What is the average age of top management? †¢ Will you describe ______________ to me? (The personality of a ranking officer often reveals a lot about the company philosophy). †¢ Could you tell me about public transportation to your company? †¢ How many people are you interviewing for this position? †¢ What are the things you like least/most about working here? †¢ If I am extended an offer of employment, how soon after this would you like me to start? †¢ When can I expect to hear from you? As the interview closes, be sure to express interest in the position and briefly summarize why you are qualified. Then ask what the next step will be or when you can expect to hear from the interviewer. This inquiry demonstrates your confidence and interest and gives you important information. Finally, ask for a business card so you can send a thank you letter within 24 hours. If no card is available, make sure you learn the correct spelling of the interviewer's first and last name.

Jim Hawkins: A Young Pirate Essay

Stories about pirates are some of the interesting and clever stories to tell such as the Treasure Island. It is a classic story about a young pirate, written by Robert Louis Stevenson and published in 1883. It tells about the young boy, Jim Hawkins, who turned into a pirate with his crew searching for the treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island†). Robert Louis Stevenson was a famous Scottish author of travel and adventure books, but he also wrote fiction stories, essays and poems (â€Å"Robert Louis Stevenson†). He pursued engineering first followed by law; however his interest was never in either of those. He was fond of reading and travelled many places before he became a famous writer (â€Å"Treasure Island: About the Author†). The story about Treasure Island is narrated by Jim Hawkins. He tells the story based from his observations, feelings, perceptions, and on how he responds to the people and events around him. He became easily involved in the pirate game and treasure hunting since his family owned the Admiral Benbow inn. There stayed Billy Bones, the captain who has the map of the treasure that Captain Flint buried. Captain Flint is already dead however the men who worked for him are still alive and searching for his buried treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). The first pirate that Jim met is Billy Bones who stayed at their inn. Bones is a ragged, scarred, and drunkard pirate who always sing a pirate song; but he was kind with Jim. He always asks Jim to look out for any seafaring men along the shore which Jim thought that the man only wants some company. However, it turned out that the man is eager to avoid the other seafaring men especially the ‘seafaring man with one leg’ (â€Å"Treasure Island†). One day, another pirate named Black Dog, a companion of Billy Bones, came to Jim and asked for the whereabouts of Billy Bones. Both pirates wrestle until Bones is greatly injured. However, a blind pirate named Pew came with horsemen to Bones and delivered the ‘black spot’. After Bones died, Jim snatched a key and an oilskin packet from Bones. He and his mother left immediately and went to the next village. The village people, however, are not willing to help them and the two hide under the bridge. The men continuously searched for the â€Å"Flint’s fist† but they could not find it. They escaped leaving Pew behind while the horses of the revenue officers from the village trampled him to death (Nelson). Jim and his mother stayed with Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney where the squire analyzed the packet that Jim got from Billy Bones. The squire said that it is the account book of the ‘black-hearted hound’. After studying the rest of the oilskin packet, they found a map of Captain John Flint’s Treasure Island. Trelawney became eager to find the treasure and planned the rest of the voyage including the finances. He secured on of the best ships in England, the Hispaniola, and hired several men including a one-legged ‘seafaring man’ named Long John Silver and a group of sailors. Jim unexpectedly became part of the instant adventure (Nelson). Long John Silver was very much liked by Jim and the squire because of his performance as the ship’s cook. At the beginning of their journey, he is friendly and helpful to the rest of the crew however he is as notorious as Captain Flint who is concerned only about the money he can get (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). Jim, while hiding in an apple barrel, accidentally overhears Silver, Israel Hand, and Dick talking about their plan of overtaking the ship once they get the treasure. After getting on land, Captain Smollet together with his men fought with Silver and the pirates. Jim and his group escaped together with Ben Gunn, one of the original members of Captain Flint’s crew who was abandoned in the Treasure Island three years ago. Jim together with his group is lead to Gunn’s secret cave where he relocated Captain Flint’s treasure. In spite of Silver’s plan, Jim, Trelawney, Dr. Livesey, Gunn and the rest of the group are able to retrieve the treasure and haul it to Hispaniola and return to England (â€Å"Treasure Island†). Treasure Island is an exciting book inspired by adventures of notorious pirates. During the early 1700s, thousands of pirates wander along different seas in the world who plundered ships and private vessels for coins and precious metals that were likely hidden in small islands. This perhaps is one of the sources of Stevenson’s pirate stories. However, most of the pirates began in their early twenties until they age fifty or so, some crippled, blind, or dead. Young pirates were also common, but there were no enough records to prove that teenagers became fierce pirates. Young pirates like Jim Hawkins is like a dream come true for kids who always dream of sailing and travelling and someday finding a treasure (â€Å"Treasure Island†). In the early 18th century, there was a story about a young boy who joined a group of buccaneers. The story was based from the records of Captain â€Å"Black Sam† Bellamy. In 1716, Captain Bellamy’s ship Marianne attacked Bonetta, a ship travelling from Antigua to Jamaica. Some of Bonetta’s crew joined the pirates. John King, a kid travelling with his mother, also wanted to join the group of buccaneers so bad that he even threatened to kill himself after the captain did not allow him. It was not clear why John wanted to become a pirate, but there were speculations that maybe he was with a harsh parent or he does not want to go wherever they are going. Later, a kind a charismatic Captain Bellamy allowed John King to join the band (Krystek). In connection with the story of John King, a treasure hunter named Barry Clifford searched for the remains of Captain Bellamy’s boat – Whydah that sunk along Cape Cod. He found a cannon, artifacts, and silver coins. The artifacts they found included a human leg bone, a stocking, and a shoe belonging to a tiny adult, as he said. However in 2006, after the bone was examined in The Center for Historical Archeology in Florida, they found out that the bone belonged to a child aged between eight and eleven years old. The tale of a John King, a little boy who turned into a young pirate indeed was true (Krystek). In the early chapter of Treasure Island, the story was established through the first person narrative of Jim Hawkins. Money is introduced as the major driving force of the characters’ actions. Through Jim’s narration of events, greed and corruption are even more highlighted. As the number of pirates looking for the map increases, it pushes Jim into learning more about the treasure and acquiring the map. The first six chapters slowly unravel Jim’s transformation. He is now not controlled by Billy Jones and the other pirates and he chooses to stand with his mother and save her. He is beginning to take part into the action happening and acted like a hero (Nelson). In the middle chapters, more terrible things happened which challenged how Jim would respond. Jim has witnessed several deaths including Billy Bones’ and Tom’s. However, his response to the death of Tom’s death is different from Billy Bones’. He cried at Bone’s but not to Tom’s death where he just sat in silence. Upon arriving at the island after all the terrible things that he witnessed, Jim found a friend and a father figure whom he has gained trust (Nelson). At the later chapter, Jim is able to develop both physical and moral strength after their triumph against the pirates. Jim is able to survive and gain enough guts to face Silver and his crew and help his crew. He has matured and does not act like a child in the middle of the events. Jim is a child and adult in deciding and justifying the things he did. He is now acting not just to save himself but also the rest of his crew after he stole and find a boat. He became the story’s hero but not because of luck and fortune. Also, Jim does not forget how to be adventurous and try things despite failure. He never gives up although he is now engaging to wrong choices, these are justifiable by the arbitrary death that could happen anytime (â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†). Throughout the story, Jim Hawkins character changed from a simple observer of the events around him into a character who became actively involved and became a certified pirate. Even though he is just a kid, he is able to help in uncovering the mutiny plan of Long John Silver and retrieve the treasure. He became a competent boy physically and beat Israel Hands. He has grown morally mature after choosing not to run away from Long John silver despite Dr. Livesey urging him to. Jim is a smart boy with courage and good heart. Anyone reading the book could easily identity himself with Jim. Stevenson created it in such a way the reader could put his own imaginations in place of Jim. Jim Hawkins is an open, predictable character who narrates the story by telling what he sees and observed, but is close in telling his own feelings and thoughts about the other characters (Nelson). The transformation in Jim’s character was evident when he delivered a speech to the pirates. He is able to survive and save himself against the fierce pirates by offering deals that an adult would usually do. His courage has developed from their journey, a courage that he does not have back to the inn. An interesting encounter between Jim and Long John Silver once proved Jim’s ability to stand up and fought for himself even though it is Silver, a notorious pirate, he is talking to (Nelson). Jim Hawkins justifies the thoughts and imagination of a teenager and later the beginning stage of maturity developed from the combination of different adversities. The story of Jim Hawkins and the Treasure Island is not as exciting as it is when summarized because there is no other of telling his story in such an engaging way except reading all the chapters. Works Cited Krystek, Lee. â€Å"The Littlest Pirate†. 2006. 5 May 2008. . Nelson, Britanny. â€Å"Gradesaver: Treasure Island – Study Guide – Character List†. 2008. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Robert Louis Stevenson†. 2008. Jalic Inc. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island†. Bibliomania. com Ltd. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island†. 2008. Wiley Publishing. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island: About the Author†. 2008. Wiley Publishing. 5 May 2008. . â€Å"Treasure Island: Character Profiles†. 2008. Novelguide. 5 May 2008. .

Natural Law Theory Example

Natural Law Theory Example Natural Law Theory – Coursework Example Natural Law Theory Natural Law Theory Natural law is a body of unwritten body of universal principles that underlie the legal and ethical norms by which people evaluate and govern human conducts. These set of laws are significantly different from the positive laws that consist of written rules and regulations endorsed by the government. The general acceptance of the doctrine of natural law among the Germans has led to the disobedience of orders to execute civilians. As Ohlendorf affirms during his trial, it is indeed inconceivable that a lesser leader should not carry out commands given by the leaders of the state. In reality, the point of his reasoning is right. However, the human beings are moral creatures. If the natural laws exist to govern the ethical nature and behavior of man, then individuals must not follow instructions blindly to appease their leaders. The current scenario of legislation in Germany is mature and individuals seem to feel the impact of the subjection to the s et of natural laws. The defiance of the unscrupulous orders from the leaders of the state should not be the termed as disobedience. Rather, the citizens have come to mature up with time and the natural laws and principles individual tend to recognize and apply them in their life. In this context, Ohlendorf’s rationale, if evaluated under the contemporary moral and ethical conditions, would be considered as an act that ignores the principles of natural law. Therefore, the general acceptance the doctrine of natural law among Germans have led to disobedience in orders to execute civilians when ethical and moral principles are at stake. Reference Law2.umkc.edu, (2015). Ohlentestimony. Retrieved 8 May 2015, from http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/Ohlentestimony.html

Motives for Murder in Edgar Allan Poes The Black Cat

Motives for Murder in Edgar Allan Poes The Black Cat The Black Cat  shares many characteristics with Edgar Allan Poes The Tell-Tale Heart: an unreliable narrator, a brutal and inexplicable murder (two, actually), and a murderer whose arrogance leads to his downfall. Both stories were originally published in 1843, and both have been widely adapted for theater, radio, television, and film. For us, neither story satisfactorily explains the murderers motives. Yet, unlike The Tell-Tale Heart, The Black Cat makes extensive attempts to do so, which makes it a thought-provoking (if somewhat unfocused) story. Alcoholism One explanation that comes up early in the story is alcoholism. The narrator refers to the Fiend Intemperance and talks about how drinking changed his formerly gentle demeanor. And its true that during many of the violent events of the story, hes drunk or drinking. However, we  cant help but notice that even though he isnt drunk as hes telling the story, he still shows no remorse. That is, his attitude on the night before his execution isnt very different from his attitude during the other events of the story. Drunk or sober, hes not a likable guy. The Devil Another explanation the story offers is something along the lines of the devil made me do it. The story contains references to the superstition that black cats are really witches, and the first black cat is inauspiciously named Pluto, the same name as the Greek god of the underworld. The narrator deflects blame for his actions by calling the second cat the hideous beast whose craft had seduced me into murder. But even if we grant that this second cat, who appears mysteriously and on whose chest a gallows seems to form, is somehow bewitched, it still doesnt provide a motive for the murder of the first cat. Perverseness A third possible motive has to do with what the narrator calls the spirit of PERVERSENESS- the desire to do something wrong precisely because you know its wrong. The narrator posits that its human nature to experience this unfathomable longing of the soul to vex itself- to offer violence to its own nature- to do wrong for the wrongs sake only. If you agree with him that humans are drawn to break the law just because its the law, then perhaps the explanation of perverseness will satisfy you. But were  not convinced, so we continue to find it unfathomable not that humans are drawn to do wrong for wrongs sake (because were not sure they are), but that this particular character is drawn to it (because he certainly seems to be).    Resistance to Affection It seems to me that the narrator offers a smorgasbord of possible motives partly because he has no idea what his motives are. And we  think the reason he has no idea of his motives is that hes looking in the wrong place. Hes obsessed with cats, but really, this is a story about the murder of a human. The narrators wife is undeveloped and virtually invisible in this story. We know that she loves animals, just as the narrator supposedly does. We know that he offer[s] her personal violence and that she is subject to his ungovernable outbursts. He refers to her as his uncomplaining wife, and in fact, she doesnt even make a sound when he murders her! Through it all, she is unfailingly loyal to him, much like the cats. And he cant stand it. Just as he is disgusted and annoyed by the second black cats loyalty, we  think he is repulsed by his wifes steadfastness. He wants to believe that that level of affection is possible only from animals: There is something in the unselfish and self-sacrificing love of a brute, which goes directly to the heart of him who has frequent occasion to test the paltry friendship and gossamer fidelity of mere Man. But he himself is not up to the challenge of loving another human being, and when faced with her loyalty, he recoils. Only when both cat and wife are gone does the narrator sleep well, embracing his status as a freeman and looking upon [his] future felicity as secured. He wants to escape from police detection, of course, but also from having to experience any real emotions, regardless of the tenderness, he brags he once possessed.

Philosophy paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy paper - Essay Example Rousseau is of the view that general will is the sum of differences of specific individual interests. It is in the best interest of everyone e.g. personal interests are often benefited at the expense of other people’s collective interests. Therefore if this individuality is cancelled out entirely then all citizens within a society can enjoy freedom. By subjugating our desires for the betterment of nation, voluntarily embracing the society’s administration as our own, freedom can be achieved which will make us more rational and moral (Rousseau 26). Under the social contract, Rousseau is in favour of alienated totality of all rights within the society. By exchanging innate freedom with civil independence we are able to maintain equality between all members of society. When the community rights surpass individual rights a sovereign state comes into being. â€Å"Finally, each man, in giving himself to all, gives himself to nobody: and as there is no associate over which he does not acquire the same right as he yields others over himself, he gains an equivalent for everything he loses, and an increase of force for the preservation of what he has† (Rousseau 24). In his book, the social contract Rousseau envisages sovereign as a collective effort of all citizens. Through continued collaboration they form the state principles and general will for common good. According to him the government and sovereign are in constant friction that may result in a diminishing society but healthy nations never give up and last for ages to come e.g. the Roman realm. Everyone is free to practise their own beliefs in privacy but a public religion established by the state is preferred that favors active citizenship. In his ideology citizens are not forced but motivated to affirm to the community for their own mutual interest. His main aim is to seek how freedom can develop in a civil society in

Pottery Statues of Ancient Chinese Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pottery Statues of Ancient Chinese Art - Essay Example There are various arts like painted potteries, folk arts, script, monuments, metal arts etc. Very expensive materials are used for the art works like granite, marble, lime stone, etc and even gold, silver and other precious materials are used. In early times they were not much aware about the materials used for arts and they used stone and rock for doing arts. These antique collections of ancient period are now placed in the museums. â€Å"The museum houses collections of various color-painted potteries of Neolithic Age and treasures of ancient grottoes. The design of these potteries is gorgeous and has the characteristic of the local culture.† (Gansu Provincial Museum). In museums there are varieties of wonderful art works which were done in the past. The Chinese culture hasn’t altered much from before and the people are still continuing with their traditional customs. The temples in China are considered as precious art wealth which signifies the prosperous culture of China. Chinese people have some beliefs with regard to their traditional arts. There are varieties of statues which symbolize different significances and faiths. Laughing Buddha is one among them which symbolizes health, prosperity, happiness, and so on and they believe that it brings all these goodness if it is placed somewhere and there are also other different kinds of laughing Buddha and each one has got some particular concept. The arts like Swastika, fengshui are some of the other Chinese artifacts which are used for good luck and to improve the life. Chinese people believe in such things; so most of them use these types of artifacts. The people from other countries prefer to use the Chinese arts mainly because of their quality and beauty. The ancient Chinese art is very gorgeous and superior which is totally different from other art works; so it has high demand. Not only the Chinese people buy this; people from every nation are now buying